Przejdź do menu głównego
Przejdź do wyszukiwarki
Przejdź do treści
Przejdź do stopki
pl
en
en
pl
Kontrast
Zaloguj się
pl
en
en
pl
Zaloguj się
Kontrast
Powrót
O repozytorium
O repozytorium
Misja
Partnerzy i organizacja
Projekty RCIN i OZwRCIN
Informacje techniczne
Najczęściej zadawane pytania
Prawo autorskie
Regulamin świadczenia usług
Polityka archiwizacyjna
Polityka prywatności
Deklaracja dostępności
Kontakt
Kolekcje
Kolekcje
Publikacje pracowników i Wydawnictw
Biblioteka Instytutu
Książki
Serie/Czasopisma/Cykle
Mapy i atlasy
Wybrane księgozbiory
Księgozbiór Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Księgozbiór Prof. Józefa Staszewskiego
CeBaDoM - Centralna Baza Danych o Młynach
millPOLstone - Centralna Baza Kamieni Młyńskich
Indeksy
Indeksy
Tytuł
Inny tytuł
Twórca
Współtwórca
Wydawca
Miejsce wydania
Data wydania/powstania
Data publ. on-line
Data zastrzeżenia praw autorskich
Okres dostępności
Opis
Stopień naukowy
Uzyskany tytuł
Stopień studiów
Dyscyplina
Instytucja nadająca tytuł
Nazwa ujednolicona
Inne nazwy
Numer identyfikacyjny
Typ obiektu
Lokalizacja
Lokalizacja- położenie administracyjne (dawne)
Zobacz na mapie
Lokalizacja- położenie hydrograficzne
Funkcjonowanie- wiek
Funkcjonowanie- przedział czasowy
Funkcjonowanie potwierdzone w roku
Rodzaj obiektu
Moc turbiny
Sposób wykorzystania
Własność
Użytkowanie
Użytkowanie- właściciel
Użytkowanie- dzierżawca
Użytkowanie- młynarz
Stan zachowania- budynek młyna
Stan zachowania- koło wodne/wietrzne
Stan zachowania- osada młynarska
Stan zachowania- urządzenia hydrotechniczne
Stan zachowania- grobla
Stan zachowania- staw młyński
Stan zachowania- młynówka
Opis obiektu
Kierownik badań/ Twórca kolekcji
Autor (rysunku, zdjęcia, rekordu)
Dokumentacja
Temat i słowa kluczowe
Abstrakt
Bibliografia
Czasopismo/Seria/cykl
Szczegóły do cytowań
Tom
Zeszyt
Strona pocz.
Strona końc.
Typ zasobu
Format
Identyfikator zasobu
Źródło
Język
Język streszczenia
Zakres
Zakres przestrzenny
Zakres czasowy
Prawa
Zasady wykorzystania
Właściciel praw autorskich
Digitalizacja
Lokalizacja oryginału
Dofinansowane ze środków
Tagi
Historia przeglądania
Historia przeglądania
Obiekty
Kolekcje
Repozytoria RCIN
Repozytoria RCIN
INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII I ETNOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ LITERACKICH POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAWCZY LEŚNICTWA
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII DOŚWIADCZALNEJ IM. MARCELEGO NENCKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII SSAKÓW POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT CHEMII FIZYCZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT CHEMII ORGANICZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT FILOZOFII I SOCJOLOGII PAN
INSTYTUT GEOGRAFII I PRZESTRZENNEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA PAN
INSTYTUT HISTORII im. TADEUSZA MANTEUFFLA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT MATEMATYCZNY PAN
INSTYTUT MEDYCYNY DOŚWIADCZALNEJ I KLINICZNEJ IM.MIROSŁAWA MOSSAKOWSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT PODSTAWOWYCH PROBLEMÓW TECHNIKI PAN
INSTYTUT SLAWISTYKI PAN
SIEĆ BADAWCZA ŁUKASIEWICZ - INSTYTUT TECHNOLOGII MATERIAŁÓW ELEKTRONICZNYCH
MUZEUM I INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ SYSTEMOWYCH PAN
INSTYTUT BOTANIKI IM. WŁADYSŁAWA SZAFERA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
Pole wyszukiwania
Jak wyszukiwać...
Wyszukiwanie zaawansowane
Strona główna
|
Indeksy
Indeks:
Abstrakt
Wyników:
959
Abstrakt
Wybierz pierwszą literę
wszystkie
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
Wyszukaj w polu Abstrakt
Poprzednia
z
16
Następna
This paper discusses the cloud cover and its relation to atmospheric circulation over Spitsbergen during 1983-2015. It focuses on monthly and seasonal cloud covers and on the frequency of days with specific cloud cover (cloudless, clear, cloudy and completely overcast sky) and their relation to various circulation types. In the research period the cloud cover characteristics were differentiated over the island on both monthly and seasonal scales, and they strongly depended on the direction of air advection. The highest mean daily cloud cover was reported for circulation types with air advection from the south (S+SWc and S+SWa). The greatest variation in the cloud cover distribution was observed during the polar night (at Svalbard Lufthavn and Ny-Ålesund) or in the autumn (Hornsund). The long-term variability in the cloud cover significantly depends on the frequency of N+NEa type (negative correlation) and on S+SWc and W+NWc and Cc+Bc types (positive correlation), particularly in sprin
This paper examines patterns of rural-urban inequality in Europe. Econometric analysis of quantitative data, new large-n survey data, and stakeholder interviews are utilised, revealing a broad trajectory of convergence between rural and urban areas that is cross-cut by pockets of persistent disadvantage and by contrasts between different parts of Europe. The paper employs the concept of spatial justice to consider the factors shaping these patterns and their political effects. It shows that while EU programmes have had some impact on material measures of inequality, perceived spatial injustice remains, creating opportunities for disruptive political movements. <br>
This paper examines specific runoffs in the catchments of the rivers Ina, Rega, Parsęta, Radew and Wieprza in the hydrological years 1981 through 2019. The magnitude of specific runoff is an indirect measure of water resources in a given region. Except for the Radew catchment, mean annual specific runoffs have diminished in all the analyzed catchments through the study period. In some or all of the catchments, runoffs from April through July have also diminished. The largest changes have been observed for June in the Ina and Parsęta catchments. These changes are basically due to the increase in air temperature.
This paper examines the aesthetic consequences of recent changes in the rural landscape of Slovak-Austrian borderland. By the use of panoramic pictures and their photomontage we focused on landscape structure, abandonment, suburban fabric and the presence of wind turbines in the rural landscape. A secondary aim of the study was also to recognize some factors behind the different perception preferences. Above all we would like to draw attention to the issue of aesthetic qualities of rural landscape.
This paper explores how geography shapes human uses of the maritime space along the Atlantic archipelagic territories of Macaronesia, a biogeographical region that includes the archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands and Cape Verde. The way specific geographic characteristics of these islands influence and even determine maritime uses and activities is analyzed in a three-layers approach in the following order: socio-economic analysis, sectorial analysis and uses and activities analysis. The biophysical and geographical characteristics of each archipelago will be considered throughout the analysis, highlighting the common aspects and peculiarities between each region. After a comprehensive overview of the main economic activities, the discussion suggests that certain specificities need to be taken into account in maritime spatial planning processes when planning and managing human uses at sea, to promote the sustainable development of local communities, particularly in archipelagic regions.
This paper focuses on distinctive features of accessibility, passenger flow and sustainability as regards public transport in Kyiv, Ukraine. In investigating the impacts of a transport system on city-dwellers a key concept is accessibility. The analysis included here identifies clear patterns to the individual factors that influence commuting time. Since the city’s system of public transport is underdeveloped, the main underlying factor is the presence of metro lines. An analysis of the metro passenger-traffic system confirms the persistent presence of territorial disparities in the city’s transport network. Furthermore, levels of safety, environmental friendliness and comfort experienced gain reflection in a low level of consumer confidence in the city’s transport system, as well as its limited sustainability. Priority measures by which the current situation might be improved are therefore discussed.
This paper has sought to give some insights into the means of transport used by the 38 largest tour operators seated in Poland. The research is based on in-depth analysis and uses data from a number of tourism and transport sources. Results indicate a great concentration of the servicing of organised tourist traffic within a relatively small number of wholesalers. Basically, the effects of air carriers to date are hardly to be overestimated, and this is especially true of an assessment of recent developments as regards charter flights from/to Poland. Coaches play a much lesser role in the servicing of organised mass tourist traffic, while other means of transport (cruise ships, railways) are used only occasionally. Overall, the analysis carried out characterises the country’s leisure travel market as one which is only at the early stages of maturity.
This paper is a brief review of the current state of Carabidae and Araneae usefulness in indicator‑based, geographical science studies. The database of scientific papers on the ISI Web of Science (Elsevier and Springer) was the main source of information. Only papers that considered landscape and addressed human activity in relation to selected taxa were chosen for further analyses. The articles with an explicit ecological character and which showed no potential possibilities for wider application in geographical research were not used. The selected papers were examined with respect to: the leading subject matter, area considered, applications, repetitiveness of the data collecting, and with respect to the aboveground and underground compartments. For clarity’s sake, areas of land cover, land use, and human management were divided into four categories. The categories were ordered from 1 to 4, according to increasingly human‑induced pressure starting with (1) areas of a natural state, (2) proceeding to forests, (3) farm land, and (4) finally to urban/suburban. Thisnon‑exhaustive review confirms the very broad possibilities of applying selected taxa as indicators in geographical studies. Such an application refers to both the range of possibilities of the study location choice (forest, arable, suburban areas etc.), and the subject matter of the study. Faunistic indicators can supply geographical researchers with quantitative and qualitative data. The data then allow for an estimation of the ecological response, due to the variety of changes taking place in the ecosystem. Faunistic indicators are invaluable tools for indirectly estimating subtle environmental changes. Such changes include those which are the result of a specific interaction between ecosystem components, which are difficult to measure using traditional methods. The impact of human activities can thus be assessed in a much more cost‑effective way. A key methodological aspect is to choose the most accurate faunistic groups for the study as well as using standardised method of collecting. It is also important to consider the environmental parameters which have an impact on the selected bioindicators.
This paper is an introduction to a collection of nine studies that are intended to fill the gap in the literature associated with landform development and landscape changes related to natural forces and human activities in the Central European Mountains and their close forelands. The papers are grouped into four general categories that describe the influence of climate on glacial landforms and snow avalanches, the evolution of slopes in high mountains, the development of mid-mountain relief, and changes in fluvial systems in mountains and their forelands. This paper summarises the contributions of these studies to this special issue and attempts to outline possible avenues of future research on landforms and landscapes in mountainous areas.
This paper is dedicated to a program of the demolition of thousands of housing estates built during the Khrushchev period in the Federation of Russia. Although this process has been undertaken since the beginning of the twenty-first century, it has seen a significant growth in 2017 within the program called Renovation. The paper begins with the historical and geographical context that led to the birth of this layer of the Soviet architecture and presents Renovation as it has been completed in 2018 in Moscow, as well as the reaction of the inhabitants of these blocks.
This paper outlines the general context of tourism, and the changes it underwent, in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries post-1990. The role of European Union enlargement is also discussed, allowing for an overall highlighting of the outcomes for tourism of the CEE countries’ political, administrative and institutional transformations. In essence, the development of transport systems and infrastructure have combined with the changing socio-economic conditions people experience to impact economically, socially and culturally – expanding the opportunities where tourism is concerned, as well as competition between countries and regions when it comes to attracting both tourists as such and investors. More specifically, the rapid privatisation of state-owned assets ensured a major impact in changing and developing tourism in the CEE, with the communist/post-communist structural changes in general proving a crucial catalyst underpinning most of the changes noted. This paper further serves the function of concluding contributions making up this special issue, and thus seeks to outline new future directions by which tourism in the CEE countries can be researched from the perspective of human geography.
This paper presents accessibility of selected boundary regions in Slovakia - Orava, and Humenné located near the boundary with Poland, and region Humenné bordering also on Ukraine. The paper discusses effects of transport infrastructure and regional accessibility on the regional development and the role of different barriers in the development of transport infrastructure. Accessibility of selected regions has been studied from two different aspects: public transport accessibility and individual automobile transport accessibility and at three different spatial levels i.e. the accessibility of selected boundary regions from other countries, accessibility of regional centres (Dolný Kubín and Humenné) from other towns in Slovakia, and accessibility of individual municipalities in regions from regional centres.
This paper presents contemporary climatic conditions over the years 2000-2014, as well as predictions for climate change up to 2100 in the cases of 6 meteorological stations located in Poland and 6 in Bulgaria. The present climates of Poland and Bulgaria differ markedly in terms of ranges of air temperature, numbers of non-frosty days and sums for active temperatures above 5 and 10°C, though they prove to be similar as regards rainfall totals. In contrast, predictions suggest that climatic differences between the two countries will grow, most especially as a consequence of the forecast reduction in precipitation totals for Bulgaria.
This paper presents features Belarusian–Polish trans-boundary regional cooperation. The factors and conditions of such cooperation are characterized. The problems in interaction between two countries which have arisen after the introduction of Poland in Shengen zone are marked.
This paper presents selected problems on Polish-Russian cross-border cooperation based on the example of Vistula Lagoon (historical, political and economical background, environmental factors, relationships after May 1st 2004, when the boundary has been the external European Union border).
This paper presents some of the most important results and theoretical as well as methodological experiences of a recent research project into long-term socio-economic forecasting in relation to climate change in Hungary. The main empirical part contains a population projection of demographic processes in Hungary until 2051, on the scale of LAU-1. This model focuses on demographic processes with the statistical indicators of population by number and age groups. The main added value of the project is that it delivers spatially disaggregated data on future socio-economic, in particular demographic trends in Hungary and links these processes to climate change through heat waves, thereby addressing the needs of social groups which are most vulnerable to climate change.
This paper presents the concept of Smart Cities from the perspective of those located by water, considering if there are more major differences in the way the concept is implemented in coastal cities, as opposed to those located anywhere else. It proves possible to point to such differences, in relation to the three key areas of mobility, the environment and living. Further consideration is given to specific legal and cross-cultural challenges – like excessive tourism and issues of short-term rental – as these appear from the Smart City perspective; and relevant mobility challenges are also addressed. The article further refers to aspects the Smart City and blue growth concepts have in common, as well as to areas in which coordination of the two will be necessary. Ultimately, conclusions are arrived at on the basis of research results for 10 large cities in Poland, the readiness of their city offices to implement the Smart City concept having been the subject of verification.
This paper presents the evolution of research paradigms in geography related to the study of relationshipsbetween humans, environment and place, and their tenacious role in functional and spatial analyses of the environmentalmegasystem. The author describes ontological, epistemological as well as axiological dimensionsof interdependencies between humans, environment, and place, understood as space in which the integrationof nature and culture takes place, influencing, among other things, human behavior and generation of thequality of human living conditions. Surveys conducted among the inhabitants of the environs of Warsaw revealedhow different the perception and valuation of environmental issues is depending on space of place, itsstructure, and function. The author also emphasized the potential of environment as a value, which presently,in connection with the quality of human life, is perceived in the category of supply and demand.
This paper presents the first lichenometric curve of Rhizocarpon geographicum for the southern slope of the Tatra Mts (Slovak Tatras). The curve was developed based on measurements carried out in the years 2018-2019. The curve was constructed using measurement results from 9 objects of known time of origin, situated in the Tatra Mts. at an altitude of 1,250-1,900 m a.s.l. On each of them, the diameter of the 5 largest thalli was measured. Their average diameter was assigned an age value and then the lichen factor was calculated and a classical lichenometric curve was developed, as well as a modified curve taking into account the effect of altitude on the rate of thallus growth. The lichen factor is in the range between approx. 34.5 mm/100 years at 1,900 m a.s.l. and 44 mm/100 years at 1,250 m a.s.l. No significant differences were found in the rate of thallus growth between the southern and northern slopes of the Tatra Mts.
This paper proposes a new guidebook analysis method for the study of tourist–historic cities, which are well recognized in the Maghreb; hence, six cities from this region were selected for the research sample (Algiers and Constantine in Algeria, Marrakesh and Tangier in Morocco, and Sousse and Tunis in Tunisia). The main purpose of this research paper is to indicate the advantages and disadvantages of this original method.
This paper provides new insights into the main pillars of the territorial universe of EU policies, by undertaking a systematic overview of European Union (EU) key territorial development reports, agendas and programmes. These include the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP), the three Territorial Agendas, and the European Territorial Observatory Network (ESPON) reports. The evidence shows widespread territorialicy, understood as a process of incorporating a territorial driven policy design, implementation and evaluation paradigm, still largely dominated by territorial development and territorial cohesion policy rationales. However, the socioeconomic policy prism continues to dominate the design and analysis of EU policies by EU entities.
This paper reports on a comprehensive evaluation of socio-spatial inequalities as a means of analysing spatial exclusion in line with demographic, social and economic components expressed using 20 key indicators. The utilised method of grouping into quartiles was able to demonstrate increasingly pronounced polarisation trends in Lithuania, with widening disparities to be noted, both between the major cities of Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipėda and their regions, and between peripheral areas of the country. The level of spatial exclusion is seen to be highest in Lithuania’s north-eastern and southern regions, which have been identified as problematic. It is to these regions that a majority of the attention in this work has been paid.
This paper represents an empirical investigation into the risk of poverty or social exclusion facing immigrants across Europe. The methodological approach is based on the set of ‘Zaragoza indicators’, in the domain of social inclusion, together with some proposed additional ones: income distribution and monetary poverty, material deprivation, in-work poverty, child poverty and risk of poverty or social exclusion. The main research question concerns whether immigrants/third-country nationals and nationals constitute two rather distinct groups in terms of exposure to poverty or social exclusion. Mainly using data from the EU-SILC Survey, we find that third-country nationals are severely disadvantaged in most countries, and are occasionally exposed to risks multiple times higher than nationals. There are European countries with similar immigrant populations in which these immigrants experience less favorable outcomes compared to other populations in other countries. Comparative analysis allows us to test the significance of different welfare systems in protecting vulnerable groups such as immigrants, using Eurostat statistics and the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX). In a cross-country analysis, taking demographic and macro-economic differences into account, results show that the impact of social expenditure on poverty is not significant when it comes to protecting third-country nationals.
This paper represents an overview on the structural dynamics of Romanian agriculture, and the challenges faced. Describing the main changes over the last three decades, the analysis here should facilitate understanding of how communist-era agriculture of a centralised state might be transformed into something able to operate efficiently under free-market conditions. The specifics of Romania’s agricultural transition connect closely with certain preconditions, among them in particular the high proportion of the national population that is still rural. A privatisation process set in rapidly post-1989, as the old State Farms were dissolved over just two years. The role this economic branch played in the generation of GDP decreased, in a manner suggesting the former level will not be re-achieved, but farmers have worked to improve their basic infrastructure. The main obstacle would now seem to be the excessive fragmentation of agricultural land and the only-slow process of consolidation. Current characteristics of structural dynamics are visible in trends towards specialisation in farming, livestock restructuring, the slow (re-) development of irrigation infrastructure, increased land prices and more typical processes of a “land grab” profile. In this connection, the paper identifies 9 challenges Romanian agriculture faces, presenting these synthetically to ensure a clarification of objectives, with a view to greater upgrading of the country’s huge potential being achieved.
This paper reviews the latest research directions and conceptual developments on the phenomenon of volunteer tourism. The last review was published in 2017, so it is time to summarize and re-evaluate how voluntourism has evolved. The paper projects future developments within voluntourism by showcasing some critical changes in the participants’ attitudes. This is likely to influence how, where and by whom volunteering initiatives will be implemented. The contributions of this paper are assembling an overview of efforts to formulate a definition of voluntourism and providing clues as to what socio-cultural and market- forces will drive its evolution in the future. <br>
This paper seeks to determine the share of Polish regional centres in the absorption of European funds as compared with their regional surroundings. The analysis covered the years 2004-2013 and embraced 18 cities functioning as regional capitals and 16 voivodeships. The research proceeded in three stages. In the first one, the position of the regional capitals was determined against the level of socio-economic development of the country’s poviats. Stage two was devoted to the magnitude and absorption structure of European means in the regional centres. The third part of the procedure covered identification of the place of the regional centres in the process of absorption of EU funds in voivodeships.
This paper seeks to offer a critical discussion of conceptual ideas of sustainability that link transport with borderlands. In recent decades, European border regions have been subject to a steady process of transformation. New sustainable ideas are among the most important paradigms where the future development of borderlands is concerned, with transport considered key. In this paper, the author seeks to demonstrate the way in which sustainability has been characterised by environmental, economic and social aspects that each have their own special relevance to borderland development of transport.
This research describes the evolution of the Irish spatial planning system and explores the impact of EU cohesion policies aiming to reduce regional and social disparities within the European Union with respect to recent developments in Ireland. The changing nature of the Irish planning system is seen as movement from a market or local development led approach towards a more strategic regional and national approach. This trend has in part been influenced by EU policies, directives and initiatives with evidence of both difficulties and successful delivery of some major projects. The discussion is complemented by evidence from two case studies in the transportation area and interviews with key participants in the policy processes. In conclusion the implications of such trends for future planning policy in Ireland and the EU are explored.
This research focuses on the spatial diversity of cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship (Poland) based on data from the PERUN lightning detection system, 2002-2019. The storm season usually lasts from May to September, with July having the highest number of thunderstorms days and flashes. Thunderstorms most often occur in the afternoon. A generated grid of 5×5-km cells was used to characterise the variables related to CG flashes. In the analysed period 432,925 CG flashes were detected in the voivodeship (24,051 flashes year-1). The highest electrical activity was found in the south-eastern part of the province. In grids with a large water surface, the number of CG flashes was small and increased with distance from the Vistula River. The distribution of atmospheric discharges in major cities of the region (Bydgoszcz, Toruń, Włocławek and Grudziądz) was random. Years with greater electrical storm activity (27,614 discharges in 2017) are interspersed with calmer years (5000-7000 discharges). There were found an upward trend in lightning discharges (of 1681 discharges year-1) during period 2002-2019. To develop maps specifying the number of thunderstorm days, a 1×1-km grid cell was used with a 15-km radius buffer from the bin centre. The annual number of thunderstorm days in the voivodeship fluctuates from 27 to 41 days and increases from north-west to south-east. Consecutive days with a thunderstorm, the most common runs are of three days in a row with a storm. The number of thunderstorm days shows an increasing trend (0.82 days year-1). This trend is related to the increase in air temperature in the storm season (Apr-Sept) reaching (0.04°C/year).
This study addresses the gap in knowledge regarding effective design practices for crowdmapping in participatory mapping, considering the diverse agendas, expectations, and needs of stakeholders. Through interviews and analysis of a crowdmapping project, we developed a roadmap and guidelines to inform the design process of a web-based crowdmapping tool. Unlike traditional approaches that focus on end-user evaluation, our paper explores the perspectives of facilitators and developers involved in the participatory process. By understanding their motivations and perceptions, we can plan and design user-friendly tools that meet the requirements of all stakeholders in participatory mapping. <br>
This study aims to measure the daily melatonin secretory rhythms of people living in high-, mid-, and low-latitude regions characterised by different day lengths and global solar-radiation conditions. In Poland, a high-latitude region, the amount of melatonin secretion is greater, with secretion occurring earlier (exemplifying phase advance). On the other hand, in Vietnam, a low-latitude region, the level is lower and occurs later (phase delay). Japan, a mid-latitude region, shows behaviour intermediate between these two. Melatonin secretory rhythm in Vietnam is closely related to Day length and Global Solar Radiation, though no such relationship is observed in Poland or Japan, making it necessary for other factors to be considered. The results of this study have important implications considering the impacts of light pollution and lighting-related conditions of modern life. <br>
This study assesses the soil water storage in Poland over the years 2000-2015. Soil water storage (SWS) data were acquired from the GLDAS Noah model simulations. The specific objectives were to provide a quantitative assessment of the SWS in the soil layer of 0-50 cm depth to detect extreme stages of SWS, and to provide an insight into the effects of precipitation deficit or surplus on the stage of SWS. Extremely low SWS was detected to occur in August 2003, July 2006, and September 2015. Contrasting high SWS stages appeared in May and June 2010, caused by excessive precipitation.
This study considers the roles of management and ideology in modifying the sustainability of communal systems. We approached this issue by discussing the major forces that shaped the planned kibbutz and the recent processes that have brought about its current transformation. Using a questionnaire-based survey we tried to reveal the relative importance that the members attach to traditional kibbutz values and their perception of the tension between the original ideology and the management strategies that have been imposed on the communal society by both external and internal forces. The findings indicate that pragmatism tends to prevail over ideology and communality has difficulty in functioning effectively in a highly complex and changing world. It points to the weakening of the communal system and to growing disengagement from principles of equality. However, the process and project of reshaping the kibbutz is ongoing.
This study determines the frequency, location and spatial extent of such large-area monthly thermal anomalies, which are referred to in this paper as continental-scale thermal anomalies (CTAs). The research was based on monthly mean air temperature values from 210 weather stations over the 68-year period 1951-2018. A CTA is defined as an anomaly when the monthly mean temperature exceeded the long-term average by at least 2 standard deviations at a minimum of 40 stations. This study attempts to explain the occurrence of such CTAs (negative CTAs- and positive CTAs+) in relation to the circulation conditions over Europe. In the years 1951-2018, there were 16 CTAs- (mainly in winter and autumn) and 25 CTAs+ (predominantly in summer). One manifestation of climate warming is the ever less frequent occurrence of CTAs- and a growing frequency and spatial extent of CTAs+. The immediate cause behind CTAs was the occurrence of characteristic synoptic situations, leading to intensified advection of cold or hot air masses, often driven by radiation factors. The formation of CTAs- was much more often associated with very extensive and long-lasting anticyclonic systems, and that the associated synoptic situations over Europe lasted much longer than in the case of CTAs+.
This study documents the spatio-temporal land use and land cover dynamics of Yangoupokpi Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary (YLWLS) in Manipur, India. Landsat imageries at three points of time spanning 38 years (1978, 2000 and 2016) were taken into account. Supervised image classification techniques were employed. Fragstats software was used to derive five landscape metrics, namely, class area (CA), number of patches (NP), largest patch index (LPI), percentage of landscape (PLAND) and mean patch size (MPS), to quantitatively assess the level of landscape fragmentation in the YLWLS. Dense and moderately dense forests decreased markedly during 1978-2000 from 46.5% to 40% and 38% to 28% of the total geographical area, respectively. However, between 2000 and 2016, the sanctuary managed to gain 840 ha of dense forest through various afforestation activities. The overall change in YLWLS during 1978-2016 indicates a substantial transition of dense and moderately dense forests.
This study presents changes in water conditions in the Lublin agglomeration, especially as regards discharges from the Bystrzyca and other rivers. Areas covered with impermeable materials, such as asphalt and concrete, have caused changes in directions of surface runoff and an intensification of this process, with effects on the discharges of rivers. The regime of flooding is the consequence of natural and anthropogenic conditions. Spring and summer floods in Lublin and at water gauges below the city are mainly caused by surface runoff from the urban area. During periods of snowmelt periods or torrential rain, water flows rapidly through the system of stormwater drainage, and then into the rivers.
This study presents the results of an analysis of mean daily values for soil temperature measured using mercury thermometers and electronic sensors during the period 2000-2009 at the Wrocław-Swojec Observatory. Daily averages were calculated on the basis of three measurements a day made using standard devices, as well as in two ways from automatic data: from the same terms and from all 24 hours. Linear regression, frequency and significance of differences, time series analysis (i.e. autocorrelation analysis and seasonal decomposition using the additive model) were performed to determine whether a change in the method of calculating mean daily values might reduce the differences between the two methods.
This study presents the results of the first large-area monitoring of steep slopes in the Tatra Mountains. In the research, we used terrestrial laser scanning methods and GIS tools. We also performed crack density measurements. The results obtained demonstrate that the rate of change of slopes under the influence of weathering and rockfall processes is very variable both in time and space. The rate of retreat of 4 steep adjacent granitoid slopes over the same period ranged from 0.00013 ma-1 to 0.004 ma-1. The spatial variation in the number and size of cavities was related primarily to the cracks density.
This study seeks to show – by reference to the example of Poland’s capital city – the important role played by green infrastructure in a city’s spatial structure, as well as the functions served as an important element of urban space exerting an influence on people’s quality of life. The article describes the spatial structure characterising Warsaw’s green infrastructure, its different component parts, and its connections with undeveloped areas surrounding the city. Attention is paid to the different shares that biologically active areas account for in the different Districts making up Warsaw. Also, predictions are made regarding likely directions of change in the city’s land-cover structure.
This work pursues the study of mental maps as a tool to assess the geographic knowledge of the Balearic Islands among school students from 17 primary education schools. The study reveals an interrelationship between the formal aspects of the cartographic sketches and the level of geographic knowledge expressed (content) through the mentioned places. This finding adds value to the power of cartographic sketching as a tool for the study of geographic knowledge, disproving those who question it.
Three isolated massifs in the Sudetes, Central Europe, are elevated sufficiently high to allow for the development of the treeline ecotone. These are the Karkonosze/Krkonoše in the West Sudetes and Hruby Jeseník and MasywŚnieżnika/Králický Sněžnik in the East Sudetes. The upper limit of closed tree stands (i.e. timberline) is located at c. 1250 m a.s.l. on average in the Krkonoše, but with significant variability spanning more than 500 m. In theEast Sudetes the respective elevation is higher, above 1300 m a.s.l., and the variability is smaller. While temperature is the primary factor governing the uppermost tree stands, second-order climatic factors play an importantrole in shaping treeline ecotone position, particularly wind and snow accumulation patterns. Active surface processes such as debris flows and snow avalanches force the timberline to descend and account for its locallyvery irregular course. There is a history of long-term human impact on the position of the timberline, with its peak in the 17-19th centuries when high-mountain meadows were extensively used for grazing and haymaking.In the last century the overall trend of timberline ascent associated with abandonment of agricultural land and temperature rise has been interrupted by the episode of catastrophic forest decline due to air pollution.
Through revolting on the 14 of January 2011, Tunisians showed their rejection of the political, economic and social system. In fact, the political system was locked since their independence in 1956 and especially during the presidency of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (1987–2011). Nevertheless, some local development systems or local populations used their entrepreneurship and have established an "anti-system" which marks their response to the system imposed by the State. Therefore, in this paper we have chosen to consider two cases of local development through self-help. The first case concerns agriculture and will be illustrated by Ghannouch, northof the town of Gabes. The second case will concern fishing and will be demonstrated in the Kerkennah islands in the Mediterranean Sea, in front of the city of Sfax. The Ghannouchis faced the narrowness of their agriculturalland, and the Kerkennians faced the narrowness of their marine horizon. The Ghannouchis intensified their agriculture through jumping and land reclamation to gain new areas away from their essential space. Nevertheless, the Kerkennians remained closely linked to fishing with considerable efforts to pursue fishing campaigns in the Gulf of Gabes and away from their seas. These results are verified by field surveys and confirmed by diachronic images from Google Earth.
Timberline ecotone (TE) generally developed because the temperatures in the environment were too low. There are other overlapping biotic and abiotic factors which affect the TE. The main aim of this work was to determinehow the asymmetry of Babia Góra’s ridge influences the location and characteristics of the timberline ecotone nowadays, and how the ridge influenced the timberline ecotone in the mid-20th century. The asymmetryof environmental conditions means the timberline has formed in two extreme environments: on the sunny and gentle southern slope (40% of the timberline length) and on the cold, humid, steep northern slope (another40% of the timberline length). The southern slope of the ridge shows a progressive timberline length of 86%. In turn, 81% of the timberline on the northern slope is in a stable ecotone.
Today the universal and secure supply of energy is facing profound changes and challenges in European regions. Recent updates on energy policies in the EU propel the decentralization of energy generation driven by citizens’ engagement, fueling scientific debates on how inclusive these new frameworks really are. We look back at all four legislative ‘Energy packages’ of the EU (1996, 2003, 2009, 2019) with a focus on the Clean Energy Package 2019. Did the changes towards completing a common internal market for energy and reacting to the climate crisis affect standards of SGI provision, such as availability, accessibility, affordability, quality and variety?
Tourism geographies are a vibrant field of scientific inquiry. Despite this, it is obvious that the sub-discipline is met with disinterest within geography departments, at the same time as tourism geographers are welcomed and acknowledged within the wider tourism community. This article offers some reflections and an institutional perspective on the tourism–geography nexus. This is accomplished by reviewing the institutional and geographical affiliations of authors in the journal Tourism Geographies. It is shown that tourism geographies are successful globally, but for various reasons are increasingly marginalized within geography departments. Hence, it is concluded that tourism geographies seem to be moving out of geography departments, which may turn out to deprive students of learning about the geography of a major driver of global and regional change.
Tourism represents one of the economic sectors with major implications in the sustainable development of the mountain areas. The tourists’ perception regarding the image of the tourist destinations is a key requirement that all the stakeholders in tourism have to take into account, due to its major role in shaping and directing the tourist flows and in the development of local communities, by extension. In terms of methodology, the questionnaire method was used in this study, with a face-to-face implementation technique. Among others, the questionnaire had targeted the degree of knowledge concerning Bihor Mountain destination, the tourist consumer habits and the tourists’ perception related to the quality-price ratio because of tourist consumption. The results show that most of the respondents have stated that they have not visited Bihor Mountain Tourist Destination for the first time, coming back here even several times a year because of its multiple tourist attractions and the extremely convenient quality-price ratio. All these show a positive perception of the majority of tourists regarding the visited destination, being materialised in an increased flow of visitors and the beneficial effects on the local economy and the preservation of the mountain areas.
Traffic noise is an inherent element of contemporary societies’ life. Its volume systematically increases as the car number is growing and the road network is developed. Traffic noise, especially road-induced noise, is so widespread in our environment that it is hard to isolate ourselves from it. This paper presents the results of acoustic climate studies conducted in the vicinity of selected road sections in Poland: national road DK8 in the vicinity of Budzisko and Augustów, S8 road near Wyszków and at the final stretch of DK 8 in the vicinity of Kudowa-Zdrój. The studies also covered two areas adjacent to A1 motorway in the vicinity of Kamionek and Pelplin and next to road DK 91, which runs in parallel to A1 motorway. Acoustic climate studies were also carried out along A4 motorway and national road DK 94 in the vicinity of Lewin Brzeski. Measurements were made along the Buszyce–Magnuszewice profile. Noise measurements were made on a total of 11 profiles. The analysis covered certain features of the acoustic climate (equivalent sound level, its maximum and minimum values and duration of noise of a given level). Acoustic climate features were compared with data on traffic intensity and vehicle type structure along the road sections under analysis. The paper also discusses sound propagation in the vicinity of transport routes and the impact of local environment characteristics (landscape relief and humidity) on noise propagation. Possible noise level reduction means to be applied in the vicinity of roads are also discussed.
Turystyka wiejska w Polsce osiągnęła w latach 1991–2011 pozycję, która jest znacząca na rynku turystycznym. Dotychczas silnie rozproszony sektor usługodawców zmienił się w grupę podmiotów najczęściej zrzeszonych i współpracujących ze sobą. Opracowanie stanowi próbę oceny wykorzystania zasobów lokalnych wsi w kształtowaniu markowych produktów turystycznych na przykładzie gminy Bałtów w województwie świętokrzyskim. Zwrócono także uwagę na promocję tych produktów, która jest jednym z warunków powodzenia działalności turystycznej, osiągnięcia przewagi konkurencyjnej oraz sukcesu dla przedsiębiorstw turystycznych. Ukształtowane w Bałtowie lokalne produkty turystyczne stworzyły szanse na aktywizację miejscowej społeczności i poprawę trudnej sytuacji społeczno-ekonomicznej regionu. Bałtowski produkt turystyczny jest autentyczny, w sposób naturalny powiązany z regionem. Jest unikatowy, rozpoznawalny na rynku i kompleksowy, gdyż stanowi szeroką ofertę, a wszystkie jego elementy są przemyślane i powiązane. Odróżnia się on również od ofert konkurencyjnych. Bałtowski produkt turystyczny jest widoczny w źródłach informacji, promuje region i sprzyja wzmacnianiu pozycji rynkowej.
Tworzenie infrastruktury turystycznej na terenach wiejskich Kotliny Kolskiej nie wykroczyło jeszcze poza fazę inicjalną, o czym świadczyć może słabo rozwinięta w regionie baza noclegowa. Jedną z głównych przyczyn takiego stanu jest mała atrakcyjność krajobrazowa obszaru. Szans na aktywizację turystyki wiejskiej należy więc upatrywać raczej w wykorzystaniu potencjału miejscowych zasobów kulturowych, które jak wynika z przeprowadzonej dotychczas waloryzacji kulturowo-turystycznej, są w analizowanym regionie i jego otoczeniu dość znaczne. Kotlina Kolska cechuje się niezbyt korzystnymi warunkami naturalnymi do prowadzenia wielkotowarowej i wielkoobszarowej produkcji rolnej, ale dzięki temu przetrwał tutaj zgodny z oczekiwaniami przeciętnego turysty tradycyjny krajobraz kulturowy polskiej wsi. Przykładem jest dobrze zachowana tradycyjna zabudowa wiejska wznoszona z miejscowego kamienia wapiennego, co jest ewenementem na skalę nizinnej części kraju. A jednak właściciele występujących tu obiektów turystyki wiejskiej w swoich ofertach rzadko nawiązują do specyfiki lokalnych zasobów kulturowych, akcentując atrakcje raczej pospolite, głównie przyrodnicze, którym nadają wyższą rangę niż ma to miejsce w rzeczywistości.
The UHI phenomenon was studied in a medium size city in the North-East of Italy and the results are reported in this paper. Experimental measurements were carried out during the summer of 2012, measuring the main thermo-hygrometric variables by mobile survey and also the mean radiant temperature in characteristic sites of the city area: the historic centre, high and low density populated residential zones, the industrial zone and the rural zone. Two simulation models were used in order to calculate the effect of some mitigation strategies on UHI intensity and outdoor thermal comfort indexes for four typical days of the year.
Ukraine is going through a complex process of transformational changes. It occurs under the Russian aggression in Donbas and Crimea occupation and with simultaneous aggravation in the global geopolitical situation, emergence of the new confrontation lines and conflicts. Due to some complex factors, Ukraine has overcome a significant number of challenges, including the one in the area of spatial development. The today’s consequences include among others significant polarization of regional development as well as urgent problems of specific areas development (remote regions, coastal zones and mountain area). The paper’s objective is to analyze the framework conditions and key features of spatial integration of Ukraine as a basis for Sustainable Spatial Development Strategy implementation.
The unprecedented growth of immigration into Poland after 2013, especially from Ukraine, raises optimism among employers, and concerns among some social and political actors. The goal of this article is to contribute to that discussion, with a view to identifying a detailed geographical localisation of labour migrants employed under the simplified procedure (on the basis of employers’ declarations of a consent to employ a foreigner) – as an important legal channel by which the influx of foreign workers into Poland is taking place. Analyses of the register of declarations for 2012-2017 reveal a certain weakening of the geographical concentration of the foreign labour force in Poland. The highest intensity of foreign employment has been observed in rural areas, while the greatest numbers of declarations for work have been registered in large cities. The geographical distribution of the foreign labour force in Poland has been shaped by activities of employment agencies especially in recent years.
The upper forest line transition zone up to the mountain pine zone on the southern slopes of Babia Góra, has diversified phytosociology and soils. The development and diversity of the upper forest soils are affectedby morphogenetic processes, physiographic conditions, vegetation, and anthropogenic factors which in the past included sheep grazing. An analysis conducted on the morphological and chemical soil properties in thetransects covering the upper forest line, transition, and mountain pine zone on the southern slopes of Babia Góra revealed considerable diversification characterising these soils within the individual altitude zones.A substantial changeability in the contents of the analysed components in the investigated soils is characteristic for mountain soils developed in the areas with great intensity of slope phenomena and processes.
Urban areas account for around 50% of global solid waste generation. In the last decade, the European Union has supported numerous initiatives aiming at reducing waste generation by promoting shifts towards Circular Economy (CE) approaches. Governing this process has become imperative. This article focuses on the results of a governance analysis of six urban regions in Europe involved in the Horizon 2020 project REPAiR. By means of semi-structured interviews, document analysis and workshops with local stakeholders, for each urban area a list of governance challenges which hinder the necessary shift to circularity was drafted. In order to compare the six cases, the various challenges have been categorized using the PESTEL-O method. Results highlight a significant variation in policy contexts and the need for these to evolve by adapting stakeholders’ and policy-makers’ engagement and diffusing knowledge on CE. Common challenges among the six regions include a lack of an integrated guiding framework (both political and legal), limited awareness among citizens, and technological barriers. All these elements call for a multi-faceted governance approach able to embrace the complexity of the process and comprehensively address the various challenges to completing the shift towards circularity in cities.
Urban metabolism is a multi-disciplinary approach to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate resource flows in urban systems, which aims to provide important insights into the dynamics of cities to make them more ecologically responsible. It has been also introduced into the urban design domain, however most of the attempts concern only tracking of energy and/or material flows to reduce environmental impacts by redesigning closed loops in a specific area. The hypothesis of this paper is that the concept of urban metabolism, and its indicators, could play an important role in advancing the science and practice related to sustainability in urban design and development. At the moment, however we lack indicators to support evaluation of urban design related decisions from the perspective of urban metabolism. The aim of this paper is to explore the application of urban metabolism indicators in urban design based on their characteristics. It reviews development periods of the concept and analytical models of urban metabolism, in order to identify crucial urban metabolism indicators for urban design. Next, these urban metabolism indicators are classified regarding type of analytical model, accounting method, indicator type, and indicator level. Finally, several suggestions are offered on how to integrate urban metabolism indicators into urban design. In addition, directions for future research on the topic are discussed.
Urban planners are increasingly paying more attention to the topic of UHI. Within the framework of the EU-UHI Project, an industrial area inside the municipality of Modena was selected as a pilot-area for the Emilia-Romagna Region. In this paper we present some results obtained with RayMan, a model which estimates bioclimatic discomfort based on the human radiative budget. Some simulations of the impact of mitigation measures have been carried out, taking into account the insertion of greenery and building modifications. Both intra-diurnal and whole day effects have been compared.
Urban ruination is an understudied feature in the life of cities. This article discusses its causes. Based on the study of four shrinking Portuguese cities (Lisbon, Barreiro, Guimarães and Vizela), and using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis as the statistical method, the structure of relationships among ruins, economic change, demographic change, social geography and the characteristics of buildings are discussed. Although the study concludes that ruination is a highly contingent phenomenon, the results show that of all the structural factors, demographic ageing and the obsolescence of buildings (poor housing conditions) are the key causes of ruination in the four cities under study. Links between ruination and socio-spatial processes have also been identified.
Urban shrinkage, characterised by long-term demographic, socio-economic and spatial changes, has been studied extensively, including via research into causes, typologies, and planning responses. However, while understanding and measuring urban shrinkage processes is crucial if policymakers are to respond adequately to cities’ challenges, multi-criterion studies on shrinkage trajectories are still required for the spatiotemporal complexity to be captured correctly. This study reviews methods by which urban shrinkage is studied and concludes with a selection of multi-criterion methods that offer more in-depth insight than population-based methods. Finally, a multicriteria analysis, adapted from Milbert (2015), is applied to measure urban shrinkage in Poland in the years 2006 to 2021. This incorporates six variables with a view to shrinking and growing cities being assessed and assigned to one of five categories. The research provides insights into Poland’s most recent urban shrinkage processes. Results show that, over the analysed period, urban shrinkage was a phenomenon that increased and intensified in Poland, affected a growing number of urban centres of medium size, and was to be noted on the peripheries of metropolitan areas. Such research outcomes contribute to a better understanding of urban shrinkage in Poland, provide a basis for further research, and inform policymakers as they seek to formulate more-targeted strategies to address the specific challenges that urban shrinkage raises. <br>
Urbanizacja obszarów wiejskich wykazuje zróżnicowanie form oraz głębokość przemian, co jest uwarunkowane m.in. genezą i położeniem określonych miejscowości. Kategorią osiedli wiejskich posiadających szczególnie dobrze rozwinięte cechy miejskie, zarówno w rozumieniu ilościowym (natężenie cech), jak i jakościowym (liczba tych cech) są byłe miasta. Niektóre z nich, pomimo wiejskiego obecnie statusu, zachowały miejski układ przestrzenny, silne związki z zapleczem i inne miejskie cechy, dzięki którym w świadomości społeczności lokalnych ciągle pozostają miastami. Charakterystyka tych jednostek uwzględnia m.in. zagadnienia demograficzne, funkcjonalne i morfologiczne. Część miejscowości wytypowano jako posiadające szanse na odzyskanie praw miejskich.
The urgency of reforming the Ukraine’s regional policy is connected with political and economic challenges, which threaten security of the Ukraine’s territorial integrity, as well as with the need to implement the key provisions of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. Reforming the regional policy involves introduction of a new ideology in the state administration for regional development, local self-government and territorial organization of power in Ukraine based on the principle of subsidiarity. The reform provides transformation of the existing two-tier Ukraine’sterritorial structure to three level structure according to NUTS 1, NUTS 2, NUTS 3. Introduction of NUTS in Ukraine can be considered as one of the important steps towards enabling the Ukraine’s accession to the single European Statistical System, which will provide a unified, transparent and effective model of statistical monitoring and based on it – implementation of an effective regional policy.
Poprzednia
1
...
12
13
14
z
16
Następna
Ta strona wykorzystuje pliki 'cookies'.
Więcej informacji
Rozumiem