RCIN and OZwRCIN projects

Object

Title: Marginalne dziedzictwo? Lokalne praktyki pasterzy Rabari a polityka reprezentacji kulturowej w Indiach

Creator:

Demski, Dagnosław

Date issued/created:

2025

Resource type:

Text

Publisher:

Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Place of publishing:

Kraków

Description:

24 cm

Type of object:

Journal/Article

Abstract:

In the period of heritagisation and tourism, India witnesses changes not only in the centres on the UN-ESCO World Heritage list, but also the small, local, previously little known sites of religious practices. Small-scale lists of places worth visiting in a given region are compiled, adding to the lists of the wonders of the world or informative lists (tentative lists) of places to visit. This article explores the transformation of an annual ritual performed by the Rabari pastoralist community in the Kutch region of India, ana-lysing it through the lens of heritagisation and spectacularisation. The ritual in honour of the goddess Bhad Mata, once deeply rooted in religious practice and pastoral cosmology, is increasingly reframed as a cultural heritage performance, consumed by tourists, researchers and institutional observers. The author demonstrates how spiritual embodiment and trance, particularly through the figure of the bhopa(ritual medium), become not only expressions of devotion, but also sites of meaning production within a changing cultural economy. The paper distinguishes between the emic meanings ascribed to the ritual by its participants and the etic frameworks imposed by external agents, including heritage institutions. It argues that heritage is not a neutral legacy of the past but a dynamic, contested space where identity, memory and agency are continuously negotiated. The case of the Rabari illustrates how heritage remains a living, affective, and politically charged process situated at the crossroads of the sacred, the market, and cultural policy.

References:

Appadurai A. i Breckenridge C. 1992. “Museums Are Good to Think: Heritage on View in India”. [W:] I. Karp, C.M. Kreamer i S. Lavine (red.), Museums and Communities: The Politics of Public Culture. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 34-55.
Bendix R. 2009. Heritage Between Economy and Politics: An Assessment from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology. [W:] L. Smith i N. Akagawa (red.), Intangible Heritage. London and New York: Routledge, 253-269.
Bharucha R. 2003. Rajasthan and Oral History, Conversations with Komal Kothari. New Delhi: Penguin Books.
Bloch N. 2016. Evicting heritage: spatial cleansing and cultural legacy at the Hampi UNESCO site in India. Critical Asian Studies 48, 1-23. Bourguignon E. ed. 1973. Religion, Altered States of Consciousness, and Social Change. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
Brumann C. i Berliner D. (red.) 2016. World Heritage on the Ground: Ethnographic Perspectives. New York: Berghahn.
Debord G. 1994 [1967]. The Society of the Spectacle. New York: Zone Books, www.antiworld.se/project/references/texts/The_Society%20_Of%20_The%20_Spectacle.pdf
Demski D. 1992. Dziennik terenowy z Indii. Niepublikowany.
Demski D. 2007. Obrazy hinduizmu: kultura i religia oczami radżputów i pasterzy. Warszawa: Biblioteka Etnografii Polskiej.
Demski D. 2021. Etnografia jako „sztuka pomijania” – odsłona II. Migawki z badań terenowych w Gudżaracie (Indie), 1992. Journal of Urban Ethnology 19, 237-250.
Frater J. 1997. Threads of Identity: Embroidery and Adornment of the Nomadic Rabaris. Ahmedabad: Mapin Publishing.
Gold A.G. 1988. Spirit Possession Perceived and Performed in Ruraral Rajasthan. Contributions to Indian Sociology (n.s.) 22 (1), 35-63.
Guha-Thakurta T. 2004. Monuments, Objects, Histories: Institutions of Art in Colonial and Postcolonial India, New York: Columbia University Press.
Harrison R. 2013. Heritage: Critical Approaches. London and New York: Routledge.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett B. 1998. Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage. University of California Press.
Klekot E. 2016. Dziedzictwo i jego antropologia. Rocznik Antropologii Historii VI (9), 7-13.
Macdonald S. 2009. Difficult Heritage: Negotiating the Nazi Past in Nuremberg and Beyond. London–New York: Routledge.
Nandwani S. 2023. Heritage and Tourism: Kutch a hidden gem on earth. [W:] G. Japee i P. Oza (red.), Heritage Management Theory and Praxis. Pen Pencil Books, 212-236, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376072325_Heritage_and_Tourism_Kutch_a_hidden_gem_on_earth
Nieznany autor. 2013. Dziennik maga. Bhuj, Gujarat: dystrykt Panchayat, Kutch [Ajñāta Mēja ḍāyarī. Bhuja, gujarāta: Jillā pan̄cāyata, kaccha]. Pr̥ṣṭha, 45-46.
Salemink O. 2016. “Described, inscribed, written off: Heritagisation as (dis)connection”. [W:] P. Taylor (red.), Connected and Disconnected in Vietnam: Remaking Social Relations in a Post-socialist Nation. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 311-345.
Salemink O. i Siu-woo Cheung 2020. Guest editorial. Asian Education and Development Studies, 1-14.
Shinde K. A. 2012. Shifting Pilgrim- trails and Temple-towns in India. [W:] P. Daly i T. Winter (red.), Routledge Handbook of Heritage in Asia. London: Routledge, 328-338.
Smith L. 2006. Uses of Heritage. London-New York: Routledge.
Sontheimer G.D. 1989. Hinduism: The Five Components and Their Interaction. [W:] G.-D. Sontheimer i H. Kulke (red.), Hinduism Reconsidered. New Delhi: Manohar Publications.
Wadley S.S. 1976. The spirit ‘rides’ or the spirit ‘comes’. [W:] A. Bharati (red.), The realm of extra-human: Agents and Audiences. The Hague: Mouton, 233-52.
Artykuł w gazecie codziennej: Kutch Mitra, rozmowy z mieszkańcami pod tytułem „Cieszę się, że budowana jest droga asfaltowa z Chakar do świątyni Bhad Mataji”, 28 kwietnia 2025, https://kutchmitradaily.com/news/mukhya_samachar/35775, dostęp 12.05.2025.
Reportaż w gazecie: Bombay Samachar z wydarzenia „Kutch's Bhed Mataji Mela” pt. „Opowiedz o wyjątkowym Bhatigal Mela”, 19 września 2024 o 15:33, https://bombaysamachar.com/gujarat/bheed-mataji-fair-kutch-celebrates-camels-unique-tradition/, dostęp 25.04.2025.
Informacje z lokalnej prasy: Relacja ze święta Bhad Mata, Gujarat Midday 2019, https://www.gujaratimidday.com/lifestyle-news/culture-and-heritage/article/columnist-utsav-vaidya-writes-about-bhad-temple-fair-special-for-camel-104336, dostęp 24.04.2025.
Relacja w gazecie: Bhakti Bijlani z pobytu w świątyni Mommai Mata w Chakar, Gujarati News 2024, https://gujaratinews18.com/photogallery/kutchh/momai-mata-temple-near-kotda-chakar-village-full-of-natural-beauty-visit-in-monsoon-hc-local118-1875433.html, dostęp 24.04.2025.
Film na Facebooku: https://www.facebook.com/thehindu/videos/watch-why-is-the-camel-fair-at-gujarats-sanosara-special/803928997394948/, dostęp 24.04.2025.
Film na Instagramie: Joi Barna, Suria Jagan, Kutch the heart of Gujarat and malhar camping (instagram) 2024, https://www.instagram.com?reel/C_7oB6xvagc/, dostęp 24.04.2025.
Reklama festiwalu: Biały Rann https://www.rannutsav.com/, dostęp 26.08.2025.

Relation:

Journal of Urban Ethnology

Volume:

23

Start page:

159

End page:

173

Detailed Resource Type:

Article

Format:

application/octet-stream

Resource Identifier:

oai:rcin.org.pl:257767 ; 1429-0618 ; e-ISSN 2719-6526 ; doi:10.23858/JUE23.2025.009

Source:

IAiE PAN, call no. P 714 ; IAiE PAN, call no. P 1505 ; click here to follow the link

Language:

pol

Rights:

Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license

Terms of use:

Copyright-protected material. [CC BY 4.0] May be used within the scope specified in Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license, full text available at: ; -

Digitizing institution:

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Original in:

Library of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Access:

Open

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