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Repozytoria RCIN
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INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII I ETNOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT BADAŃ LITERACKICH POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT BADAWCZY LEŚNICTWA
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INSTYTUT BIOLOGII DOŚWIADCZALNEJ IM. MARCELEGO NENCKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT BIOLOGII SSAKÓW POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT CHEMII FIZYCZNEJ PAN
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INSTYTUT CHEMII ORGANICZNEJ PAN
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INSTYTUT FILOZOFII I SOCJOLOGII PAN
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INSTYTUT GEOGRAFII I PRZESTRZENNEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA PAN
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INSTYTUT HISTORII im. TADEUSZA MANTEUFFLA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT MATEMATYCZNY PAN
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INSTYTUT MEDYCYNY DOŚWIADCZALNEJ I KLINICZNEJ IM.MIROSŁAWA MOSSAKOWSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT PODSTAWOWYCH PROBLEMÓW TECHNIKI PAN
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INSTYTUT SLAWISTYKI PAN
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SIEĆ BADAWCZA ŁUKASIEWICZ - INSTYTUT TECHNOLOGII MATERIAŁÓW ELEKTRONICZNYCH
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MUZEUM I INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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INSTYTUT BADAŃ SYSTEMOWYCH PAN
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INSTYTUT BOTANIKI IM. WŁADYSŁAWA SZAFERA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
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- 1. Przeanalizowanie sposobów osiągania „sukcesu”. Kierownik projektu i jego zespół zakładają, że strategie migrantów zależne są od: momentu migracji, czynników wypychających i przyciągających, kapitału społeczno-kulturowego oraz sieci powiązań (w kraju pochodzenia i przyjmującym). Kolejnym założeniem jest to, iż sukces coraz częściej osiągany jest w oderwaniu od środowiska polonijnego, w tzw. społeczności rozproszonej. Kategoria sukcesu ujmowana jest nie tylko w wymiarach ekonomicznych, ale przede wszystkim społecznych i kulturowych, uznając za ludzi sukcesu tych, którzy sami tak się postrzegają, jak i tych, którzy za takich są uważani.
- The 1935 Basilica that overlooks the seacoast in Chersonesos Taurica is one of the best-known of the eight large Late Antique churches excavated at the site. The structure is a three-aisle basilica with an east- oriented apse, typical of the Christian East, and its architecture bears testimony to two clearly distinguished phases dated to the 5th and 6th cent. The earlier basilica was abutted from the south by a room that is traditionally interpreted as a Jewish synagogue, based on supposed Hebrew graffiti on fragments of fallen plaster and a relief representation of a menorah on a stone block re-used in the apse of the later basilica. However, the interpretation that assumes conversion of a Jewish place of worship into a Christian basilica is unconvincing in the light of cases better supported by archaeological evidence. Churches erected in Late An¬tiquity in place of earlier synagogues were found in Stobi in Macedonia, Apamea and Palmyra in Syria, and Gerasa (modern-day Jordan). In these cities, the synagogues occupied an important place in the urban land¬scape; their identification is supported by inscriptions, the wealth of architectural detail is significant, and niches for the Torah are always oriented towards Jerusalem. All of these synagogues were torn down or com¬pletely transformed in order to build Christian churches in their place. This cannot be said of the 1935 Basilica in Chersonesos Taurica. On the other hand, the mere four examples from known Late Antique sites is a modest number that contrasts with textual evidence describing brutal methods of „Christianising" synagogues. The number of synagogues converted to churches is also small compared to the number of known synagogues that were not destroyed in this manner
- 2. Określenie czynników sprzyjających osiąganiu sukcesu poza krajem macierzystym. Badacze zakładają, że do najważniejszych z nich należą: stabilizacja zawodowa, materialna, rodzinna i ich związek z procesami adaptacji i integracji w kraju osiedlenia.
- 3. Rozpoznanie transnarodowego kontekstu „migrantów sukcesu” w odniesieniu do kompetencji kulturowych nabywanych za granicą. Naukowcy wychodzą z założenia, że wielu Polaków osiąga sukces dzięki płynnemu funkcjonowaniu w dwóch (lub więcej). Kontekst interkulturowy wzmacnia poczucie odniesionego sukcesu, a z drugiej strony, pomyślne strategie adaptacyjne wpływają na rozwój transnarodowego stylu życia.
- The 60th anniversary of Etnografia Polska is a good occasion to look at the origins of the journal and to reflect on the continuity of the approaches applied by its founders and the introduced changes. These concern, first of all, the problems raised by the authors publishing in the journal, in expanding the areas of research, in the terminology applied, in cooperation with other disciplines of human sciences, as well as the connections with various approaches in ethnology and cultural anthropology and innovation of research suggested by particular authors.The texts published in the recent decade have been analysed in a detailed way. Their subjects include: ethnic problems, intercultural contact, systemic transformation and changes connected with globalization, the functioning of information society, the anthropology of politics, migrations, urban anthropology, medicine, media, dialogue (between cultures, religious groups and in politics), the anthropology of business and management and the connections between human sciences and economy. Other subjects concerned the cultural phenomenon of memory and forgetting as well as the history of the discipline. According to the author all those subjects will be developed in the near future. The subjects that will be studied more intensely than hitherto will concern security in the broad sense of the word. More attention will be dedicated to growing numbers of various groups of migrants.Ethnologists/anthropologists will also conduct research into privileged groups, organizations and groups with strong social position. Another field of reflection whose development we should expect is, according to the author, autoethnography/autoanthropology. It is connected with ethical problems, deep reflection of the phenomena studied and with the experience of the study
- A birch bark box was unearthed in 1958 in the Lõhavere hillfort (Estonia). The main aim of the paper is to get closer to the initial owner of the box. The relatively well-preserved box contained jewellery, textile remains, and objects related to craft (e.g. textile tools, yarns). Special attention in the article is paid to the finds indicating production of spiral tube decorations, which were used to adorn clothing items. The authors argue that the owner was a more or less professional craftsperson living in the hillfort. Archaeologists tend to divide craft activities according to the raw materials, but the box content shows how in reality various skills, raw materials, and knowledge were needed in combination. It seems that the owner was mainly occupied with making narrow wares and clothing adornments. Possibly the owner was female, which stresses the role of female actors in the sphere of professional craft
- A considerable increase in sources concerning a cultural phenomenon referred to as the so-called dog burials in settlements of Przeworsk and Wielbark culture allows for a revision of the interpretations of this phenomenon that are present in existing literature. During the research of the last three decades, 48 archaeological sites, previously unknown to researchers of this problem, were discovered, containing the remains of 124 dogs. In addition to the so-called dog burial under the floors of houses, under fire pit stones, in pottery kilns and bloomeries or in wells, the remains are also disposed in garbage pits. Such a collection of sources allows not only to verify some assumptions of previous researchers of the so-called dog burials, but it also provides a possibility to raise new questions concerning purely utilitarian significance of these animals for members of cultures living in Central European Barbaricum
- A fragment of a 13th–14th century painted mosque lamp was identified in the collection of archaeological glass from Ostrów Tumski in Wrocław, held by the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Research Centre on Late Antique Culture and the Early Middle Ages). An analysis of glass chemical composition as well as the decoration of this fragment showed that it was made of sodic-calcic-silica glass, and that part of the ornament covering it was finished with gold. A comparative study indicated that the artifact had been made in the Middle East, most likely in a glass workshop in Syria or Egypt. Another example of this type of Islamic glass was discovered in Poland during the excavation in the 1930s of Ostrówek in Opole. Large fragments of a painted glass bowl were found there and identified as a mosque lamp. Since then the object has been lost. The fragments of glass mosque lamps from Wrocław–Ostrów Tumski and Opole–Ostrówek will be discussed here in the context of basic raw material studies and chemical composition analyses
- A fragmented human cranial calotte was discovered in a Bandkeramik (LBK) settlement context at Rovantsi in Volhynia (UA). The female calvarium of a mature woman with an age of about 45-50 years was uncovered in the deepest part of a settlement pit. It can be dated to round about 5,250 BC. PCR-based molecular genetic analyses were successfully performed on these extremely rare skeletal remains from the Early Neolithic of Ukraine. The female family line can be assigned to haplogroup T2, in which it represents the lineage T2c1d+152. The woman was lactose intolerant, like most LBK individuals. Her hair colour was brown, and her eye colour was found to be hazel
- A good fit of clothing to the body mainly depended on the perfect cut. Another way to fit clothes to the body shape was to use lacing. In the Middle Ages, women’s gowns could be fitted with laced slits at the sides or in front of the dress. In men’s medieval attire, lacing mainly concerned the fastening of doublets and it was always placed at the front. Strings had one more special task – they supported a pair of hose tied to the doublet. In the course of time, the laces became more visible, gradually gaining a decorative function. An interesting collection of laces from archaeological excavations is stored in the Museum of Archaeology and History in Elbląg. The earliest lace is dated back to the 13th century, and another medieval find in this collection is a metal lace chape. Other artefacts are silk laces dated to the 16th, 17th and 17-18th centuries. The Elbląg collection documents the development of this part of clothing. It certainly constitutes an important part of a relatively small assemblage of surviving European fashion accessories of this type
- A Holocene peat bog was excavated during archaeological research of site 17 in Podłęże near Kraków. It was located at the bottom of the valley of the Podłężanka river, a Fore-Carpathian tributary of the Vistula river, with a multiphase prehistoric settlement nearby. Radiocarbon dating of the peat bog deposits was accompanied by analysis of the archaeological remains and pollen analysis. A well, dated dendrochronologically to after 613 BC, allowed the dating of the peat bog to be more precise. Palaeoclimatic data from around Europe indicates that after the episode of sharp cooling and wetting of climate at the beginning of the Subatlantic period (c. 850–650 BC), the climate became warmer and drier (c. 650–450 BC). The well dug into the peat bog may indicate a temporary lowering of the groundwater level due to improved climate conditions. Therefore, the case may contribute – just like the discoveries from the shores of the Kunickie and Koskowickie Lakes in Silesia and from the Elbe valley in Dresden – to the hypothesis of a warmer climatic event during the early Subatlantic period
- A large number of animal bones, mainly dogs' remains, were identified among features at the settlement in Polwica 4, 5/ Skrzypnik 8. It was established that they were deposited in various ways. The bones were recognized as remains of sacrifices. They has been often discovered in wells, which suggests the existence of a repeated ritual of filling in the wells. An attempt was made to describe these finds structurally
- A Polish historian of glass Jerzy Olczak, who worked in Poznan for many years, brought together a group of enthusiasts interested in this subject. In 1981, he founded the Group for the Study of the History of Glass in Greater Poland (Zespół do Badań Dziejów Szkła w Wielkopolsce) to carry out field research for verifying glassworks sites in the region. Under a different name, this group operates to this day
- A Polish-Ukrainian project researching Pleistocene environments and the stratigraphy ofPalaeolithic sites in the peri- and meta-Carpathian zone of Poland and Ukraine has been undertaken since 2010. The Palaeolithic sites in the eastern part of this area are associated with palaeosols within loess profiles, whilst those in the western part are mostly in caves and rock shelters (Fig. 1). Rich geological material shows both similarities and differences between loess and cave sites, and between the Polish and Ukrainian sites. These differences result from the diverse paleogeographical and geological situations of the sites as well as differences in the investigative methodologies used. Environmental studies at these two types of site used different but, as they concern similar periods, complementary methods (Table 1). Fig. 2 presents the very generalized results of the environmental research at the most important of these Palaeolithic loess and cave sites − and its interpretation. These data are compared with currently defined Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) and chronostratigraphy. The picture of environmental changes shows the state of knowledge at the beginning of the “Oecumene” project
- A reconstruction of the palaeoenvironmental conditions at Dudka, an island of the early and middle Holocene in the former Great Masurian Lake, is presented in relation to the history of human settlement. The paper explores all changes, even very weak, in order to interpret the interaction between man and the environment during the Mesolithic and aspects of geomorphology, hydrology, climate, vegetation and fauna through time are discussed. For many generations prehistoric people came to camp on Dudka island, that was included in their annual round for its resources of fish, tortoise, birds and edible plants; these were exploited on a seasonal basis, during discrete periods from early spring to early autumn
- A rich set artefacts made of copper comes from the cemetery of the Jordanów culture discovered at the site No. 10/11/12 in Domasław, Kobierzyce commune. This article presents the results of metallographic research of selected artefacts, which were the grave goods from two male graves No. 12862 and No. 13131. All the analyzed artefacts were made of a raw material containing very large amounts of copper and trace amounts of other elements. The observed differences in the content of arsenic, antimony and bismuth may indicate the use of various sources of raw material or can be related to the copper production process
- A scale of recently made rescue excavations enabled large areas to be uncovered and thus developed our understanding of the functional and spatial organisation of settlements, previously studied to a small degre ecompared to cemeteries. Among recently excavated sites, including the discussed settlement, fenced structures have prompted great interest owing to their unique spatial organization. The focus of this paper is on the interpretation of the site when compared with other settlements containing similar spatial structures discovered in SW Poland
- A series of new radiocarbon dates from Neolithic Malice Culture (MC) sites in Lesser Poland allow for making significant corrections in the absolute chronology of this culture. Bayesian modelling of a series of MC dates made it possible also to specify the absolute chronology of individual phases of the development of this culture. The early classic phase (MC1a) is around 4800-4700 BC, the classic phase (MC1b) between 4700 and 4450 BC, and the late phase (MC2) between 4450 and 4200 BC. In addition, the review of the definitions of the MC phases and their new absolute chronology allow for the synchronization of their development with the cultural units in the Tisza basin. Phase MC1b developed parallel to phase III of the Herpály culture, phase MC1c to Proto-Tiszapolgár (layer 5 on the Herpály tell), and phase MC2 with the Tiszapolgár culture. <br>
- A study of the chipped and ground stone tools from the Neolithic levels of Arene Candide was conducted by the authors. The chipped stone tools were examined for technological and typological information by Starnini and for microwear traces by Voytek. The ground stone tools were also studied in terms of manufacturing techniques and function by both authors. All materials were examined as to potential source of raw materials. The paper outlines the main findings of the study, including the differences among the assemblages associated with three archaeological cultures, the Early Neolithic Impressed Ware Culture, the Middle Neolithic Square Mouth Pottery Culture, and the Late Neolithic Chassey Culture
- A unique lead seal-matrix with majuscule legend: LUCIANI PRESBITERI belonging to a priest was found by the Romanesque castle church in Giebło. The name of its owner is mentioned in written sources from the years 1325–1327 as plebanus ecclesie de Kebel. As PRESBITER he probably didn’t enjoy all privileges that the collator usually bestows on a parish priest on his property. Possibly for that reason he had his matrix made in an easy-to-process material, infrequently used for such objects in this part of Europe. The use of this raw material suggests someone who tried avoid the high costs of making the item. Special attention is merited by the composition of a fleur-de-lis crowned with the cross engraved on the seal face that resembles a heraldic device. The repetition of a schematic lily flower on the reverse of the matrix shows the special importance of this sign (identified in medieval time with the Blessed Virgin Mary); this symbol was treated in this way by, for example, Cistercians. By presenting his name in the company of these symbols, Lucianus gave his seal strength and credibility
- A wooden artefact with traces of intentional processing excavated in the Late Palaeolithic biogenic sediments at the site in Wojnowo belongs to group of unique finds on a European Plain scale. This paper presents the results of interdisci¬plinary analyses of the artefact, an attempt to reconstruct its history and to determine its taxonomie affiliation
- Abstakt “Chocolate’”flint was the main raw material used by the Early Neolithic Linear Band Cul¬ture (LBK) groups in the Polish Lowlands. Since the second (note) phase of the development of this culture, the early farmers developed a complex system of distribution of ‘chocolate’ flint within the great-valleys zone of the Lowlands. Concretions of raw flint were transported by the Vistula river from the outcrops located on the southeastern slopes of the Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Mountains to Kuyavia. They were worked into cores and processed in settlements close to the Vistula valley. Cores and blades/flakes were also exported to distant locations to the west as far as the Lower Oder basin area. One would expect the existence of specialised workshops providing materials for such a mass distribution. Kruszyn site 13, Włocławek distr., is the first LBK ‘chocolate’ flint workshop discovered close to the Vistula river concentrated on production of blades. This site fits well into the LBK flint distribution system developed on the Lowlands
- The accidental discovery of an 1847 manuscript in the Local History and Special Collections Department at Maribor University Library in Slovenia (shelfmark: Kreps, 1847; UKM Ms 563), which contains, among other things, a song about cholera, was the basis for its contextual interpretation and comparison with related recorded songs. This new discovery is important because the song refers to the first wave of cholera on Slovene territory in 1836, whereas other songs describing the disease were written later. The text of the song resembles a collection of frightening news about the disease circulating among the people. The questions of whether the information in the song is real or fictional, genuine or exaggerated are discussed in light of the memory of cholera outbreaks found in other songs of the same genre and historical data
- According to different estimates Highly Sensitive People constitute 15–25% of the world’s population. Their nervous system processes external stimuli much more intensely than in case of so called average sensitivity people. This in turn evokes in them a sense of constant anxiety, causes hyperirritability and distress, induces psychosomatic disorders, fears or depression. Highly Sensitive People are characterised by strong (often uncontrollable) emotionality, empathy, being highly perceptive to suffering or any indication of injustice, as well as being too quick in placing trust. Quite often they experience loneliness, and a feeling of being misunderstood. Based on the analysis of posts from chosen Internet forums, the author portrays the Highly Sensitive Person. She also examines other issues discussed in these media, like the question of classifying this condition as an illness and thus of „curing” it. According to the author, Highly Sensitive People constitute a cultural minority in a world ruled by the culture of hostility, humiliation and rejection. Their behaviours influence interpersonal relations, but these individuals are also perceived as „different”. They often view their sensitivity as a weakness which hinders functioning in a society dominated by people of „average sensitivity”. On the other hand, according to some highly sensitive people, this quality is in fact a gift. Tedd Zeff holds that Highly Sensitive People have an important mission, which is to „serve as balance to the more aggressive behaviour of some of the non-HSPs who advocate a less than nurturing policy towards humans, animal and Mother Nature” (Zeff 2008, p. 30).
- According to the classical model of the metallurgical raw material supply chain proposed by Eugeniy Chernykh, the Eneolithic and Early Bronze age cultures of Ukraine were completely dependent on imported raw material. It seems that the main supplier of metal, as well as some complete goods during the 5th and 4th Millennia BC, was the ‘Carpatho-Balkan Metallurgical Province (CBMP)’ while during the 3rd Millennium BC, the provision chain was reoriented towards the ‘Circumpontic Metallurgical Province (CMP)’. Yet, new discoveries that were made during the 1990s-2020s indicate the need for the amendment of such a model. This is the aim of the current paper. In the following text, the concept of four Ukrainian local metallurgical provinces and two metalworking foci will be introduced. The typology and dating of the recently discovered metal objects as well as metallurgical tools will be provided. The question of the existence of domestic metallurgical raw material deposits will be discussed. <br>
- The activist approach remains a neglected area in the study of religion(s). By activist, we mean a socially engaged yet non-confessional stance that focuses on the scholar dealing with the relationship between religion and the public sphere. While other disciplines are incorporating the socio-political and socially transformative potential of academic knowledge production into their curricula, the field of the study of religion(s) is lagging behind. The (dis)engagement and rejection of activist approaches in the study of religion seems to be determined by paradigms of knowledge production, the dominance of understanding and explanatory approaches, the programmatic socio-political neutrality of the religious studies scholar imposed by the discipline, and claims to the specificity and uniqueness of the object of study. However, as we attempt to show, several modes of engagement can be identified that lie between the scholar’s attitudes of engagement and programmatic neutrality in the study of religion(s), namely translating, deconstructing, meditating and transforming. We propose that these modes should be included in the spectrum of approaches that straddle the critical and activist study of religion. We argue for the radical mode of engagement as a further step in developing the link between research and activism in the study of religion. In doing so, we focus on the scholar(s) of religion as an authority figure, an agent of power distribution, capable of proposing reformulations, accompanying negotiations, and supporting processes of reordering the contemporary post-secular public sphere. This article is an invitation to discuss the activist approach within the scientific study of religion. We also hope to stimulate debate on more radical forms of the activist approach, which we would call “the radical study of religion(s)”. <br>
- Actor-Network Theory and the related ontological turn is one of the most important paradigmatic changes in contemporary social sciences. In Polish archaeological discourse Actor-Network Theory is not widely discussed. The paper presents the basic assumptions of the theory focusing on its potential for the conceptualization of archaeological sources and the relationship between humans and the environment.
- The Aeolian ceramic textile tools dated to the advanced Early and Middle Bronze Age (c. 1600-1250 BC) comprise the only evidence for textile manufacture and are a unique source of information about the technology of textile production used in the Early-Middle Bronze Age (EBA-MBA) in the Aeolian Archipelago (province of Messina, Italy). A recent re-examination of 76 out of over 140 of these tools has shown that heavier spindle whorls (71-153 g) dominate in the more numerous MBA material. The high weight values of the Aeolian spindle whorls, uncommon in the area and epoch, could point to the prevalent use of long staple animal fibres, e.g. wool, which requires heavier implements in order to be spun, in yarn manufacture in the archipelago. A group of very heavy tools (165-199/222 g), difficult to classify, has been identified in the MBA material as well. It is suggested that these particular implements were potential heavy spindle whorls used primarily for spinning long hard plant fibres, such as flax, and plying yarns or producing twines
- After finishing a long-term conflict with the State of the Teutonic Order (1521, 1525), the Polish foreign policy directed its focus to the East, which resulted in the necessity to reorganise the armed forces, at least partially. It translated, among other things, into changes in the military technology. The latter, in turn, had to be gradually adapted to the unique military culture which dominated in the Eastern and South-Eastern theatre of military operations. Among many symptoms of these changes, some can be observed in the area of weaponry. This was a natural process, observed also in other territorial and temporal contexts, which normally took place after two different war customs had met. In the 16th century Eastern and South-Eastern theatre of military operations, a perfect example is offered by the abandonment and later the return to using the bow and arrow in combat.
- The aim of my paper is to describe reciprocal influences in theoretical reflections on landscape within geography, archeology and anthropology. I draw attention to the correlation of particular approaches and to the existence of common research problems within those disciplines. Studying the phenomena on the surface of the earth using scientific methods of natural sciences, the traditional geography treated the landscape as a formalizing way of looking at the world. This approach was weakened on the one hand by the development of human geography in the 1970s, and on the other hand by new research on place and space, which integrated cultural aspects into the study of landscape. Eventually a crucial term ‘cultural landscape’ was developed. New archeologists claimed that it is impossible to maintain a universal concept of space separated from the human activity. Post-processual archeologists started to include theories and methodologies of social sciences in their research. As a result questions connected to theories of criticism, power relations, gender issues, postcolonialism were incorporated to the archeological research. It resulted in weakening of materialistic nature of the discipline and finally it allowed a systematic process oriented approach. Influenced by phenomenology and poststructuralism, archaeologists changed the research perspective. This means they abandoned the ‘external observer’ and focused on the social aspects of human relations with the earth, appreciating the importance of the subject. The landscape in anthropology was mainly used as a tool for constructing field monographs and was understood as a broad background or scene in which the life of the community took place. However the methodological changes in geography and archeology described above caused a shift in the anthropological research on landscape as well. The functionalistic and structural approach with an external and objective view of the landscape gave ground to an emic perspective. Anthropologists devoted more and more attention to the meanings that individuals attribute to the natural environment, and the landscape became a social category created by memory and dwelling, referring to the life of the insiders.
- The aim of the article is the preliminary presentation of the methodological tradition and theoretical condition of Polish archaeology. I focus here on the standard practice of Polish archaeologists, showing that either they have developed by themselves, borrowed or adapted elements of theories. Archaeological publications will be the basis for the article. The article also points to the multifaceted inspiration flowing from the humanities, social and biological sciences towards archaeology. The role of methodological turns was emphasized: anti-positivist, textual, visual, and performative. As a result, archaeology reached out to them with great hope, looking for answers to troublesome questions concerning forms of social life and culture in the past. The article highlights the individual aspects of Polish archaeology, including the nonobvious influence of Marxism, and processual and post-processual thinking.
- The aim of the article is to analyse social change in the area of the gendered care practices and identities of migrant mothers, who were forced by the social and economic situation in Poland to (illegally) work abroad without their children and families. It asks what kind of experiences of social change we can find if we look at the foodways practised by transnational mothers from the working classes. The concepts of “transnational maternal foodways” and “maternal bustling around foodways” will be used as tropes to discuss and explore the gendered changes in motherhood experienced by Polish migrants. The analysis presented here is based on the results of extensive fieldwork conducted both in the villages and small towns of Eastern Poland and in Belgium (particularly in its capital, Brussels), and on 54 autobiographical narrative interviews with Polish women who, during the two decades after the fall of socialism in Poland (1989–2010), worked permanently or cyclically abroad. The analysis combines critical food studies with gender and migration studies
- The aim of the article is to analyse the material from the West burial ground of Fiskeby in order find the differences in the mortuary practices for women and men in the Bronze and Iron Age. The article, the considerable part of which is a methodological presentationof the material from the Fiskeby burial ground with the category of the biological gender as the basis, will serve, together with the other material from different parts of Scandinavia as well as Poland, as the point of departure for further research on the social relations between the sexes in the prehistoric times
- The aim of the article is to analyze the relationship between the landscape and the process of building national identity in Mongolia in the context of political transformation. I describe contemporary practices related to the public tachilga offering intended for the guardians of the most important mountains with national status in Mongolia. I consider how the local ontology based on the relational interaction between human and non-human entities is reflected at the level of state activities. Discussing the issue, I refer to the category of landscape and show how it has become a major actor in contemporary national discourse in Mongolia
- The aim of the article is to discuss the concept of the “Basque family”. The author explores the ideological and stereotypical image of the family and contemporary family models in the Basque Autonomous Community. She also tackles the myth of Basque matriarchy and describes certain aspects of the political situation in the region. The article is based on the results of field research conducted by the author
- The aim of the article is to present and characterize the collection of flint axes made of Cretaceous flint from the interfluve of the Bug River and Neman that morphologically resemble the forms from the Neolithic cultures of the Polish Lowland (the Funnel Beaker Culture, Globular Amphorae Culture and Corded Ware Cultures). This group of objects consists of 10 items found in the Podlasie region. The presented axes are a small part of a large collection (50 flint axes) exhibited in the Museum of Podlasie in Bialystok. A new term for local Cretaceous flint has been introduced for the purpose of this study. Until now, this type of flint was known as Northeastern Flint, and although research to define this term has been done, it has never been fully finalized. Because of that, the author of this study has coined a new and more suitable term: Cretaceous flint from the interfluve of the Bug River and Neman. This includes a group of Cretaceous flints from the Podlasie area and contains all the local variations of it: Mielnik flint, Rybniki flint, flint from the Cretaceous beds and marls and Krasne Siolo flint
- The aim of the article is to present the results of a multifaceted analysis of a collection of non-flint stone artefacts obtained during excavations of the complex of Late Palaeolithic camps at site 17 in Nowogród, Golub-Dobrzyń district. It included an obsidian artefact and objects made of crystalline rocks (quartzite, quartzite sandstone, quartz, coarse sandstone and diorite), which were created as a result of knapping the raw material using techniques similar or identical to those used during the processing of flint. The results of petrographic analysis confirmed that these raw materials had come from natural resources located near the site. Most of the analysed artefacts are represented by large flakes. In addition, one chip and two tools, a multiple burin and a pebble tool, were distinguished. Use-wear analysis showed signs of use on two artefacts, including the pebble tool. The obsidian artefact is currently the northernmost Late Palaeolithic find of this type. In order to determine the geological source of the raw material, the artefact was subjected to PGAA and XRF analysis. PGAA analysis confirmed that the obsidian originated from a source in northern Slovakia (Carpathian 1 type), probably from the Cejkov or Kašov deposits, Trebišov district. The article also describes a rock crystal and a probable concretion of quartz of this type originating from site 6 in Ludowice, Wąbrzeźno district
- The aim of the following paper is to present the verification of probable megalithic long barrows of the Funnel Beaker culture, detected on LIDAR models. The location and characteristic shape of the structures seem to support such a hypothesis. In order to define their actual function and chronology, a magnetometric prospection was conducted with subsequent geological drillings. Also, an archival study of the vicinity was provided to establish the barrows within the regional cultural context. As a result of the research, the anthropogenic origin of these structures was confirmed and connected to the Funnel Beaker culture. This discovery allows for the incorporation of central Greater Poland into the discussion on megalithic funerary activity, which, until now, has been impossible due to the lack of data
- The aim of the paper is the analysis of changing patterns of human behaviour in relation to climatic changes of the Late Glacial in Europe. Paleoclimatic data support the view that amelioration of such factors as temperature and humidity led to the North migration of reindeer herds and horses to the steppe uplands and later growing domination of forest fauna. Specific time frame and region allow us to characterize the complexity of lithic technological variability and observe how hunter-gatherer groups adapted to changing climatic conditions during two warmer Late Glacial oscillations: Bølling and Allerød. The prevalence and spreading of the bow and arrows inspired new hunting methods and caused changes in lithic technology
- The aim of the paper is to present a new statistical method which records the shape of vessels and sorts those vessels into groups based on their shape. This new statistical method – the method of fuzzy similarity allows us to find the most similar vessels according to their shape regardless of their size. It is presented on a sample group of vessels from the Nitra-Lupka cemetery. Cemetery and pottery kilns from the 9th/10th c. in Nitra-Lupka are located in the foreland of the hillfort-fortification. Vessels revealed in graves were burned in these pottery kilns. Vessels are of high quality, although they were produced only on slow-rotating potter’s wheel. The results obtained by using of the new method were compared with the results of standard cluster analysis for four different cases of groups of variables. Chi-square-test was used to compare the two selected methods for the classification of vessels into groups.
- The aim of this article is an anthropological reflection on the socio-cultural meaning of dreadlocks as a kind of non-verbal communication which can be an intentional or unintentional. The social perception of a given hairstyle may be the result of the intended goal or an opinion independent of the person wearing it. I argue that in the latter case, the hairstyle is perceived through the prism of stereotypical images. I believe that certain hairstyles, depending on the political, historical or cultural context, can constitute an important element of individual identity. The paper uses the concepts of identity (Ardener 1992), personality (Mead 1975), interaction (Goffman 2010) and the assumptions of the anthropology of communication (Winkin 2007) to present the results of ethnographic research among people wearing dreadlocks conducted in 2016–2017
- The aim of this article is not to discuss the paradigms or the methods of the ‘free’ and the ‘Marxist’ archaeology in the post World War II period in Poland. The literature about this is quite abundant, and I would like to tell another story than the scientific side of Polish archaeology during the communist domination. I remember the reality of those fifteen years in the daily activity of young Polish archaeologists in the late ’70s and ’80s of the XX century, and I would like to give here my personal point of view about this time
- The aim of this article is to analyse the political aspects of food and their significance as an object of study. The first author of the article has studied Polish society as an insider, while the other author had previously conducted research in other countries, before three years ago starting to explore Poland and Polish gastronomy, and thus finding himself in the role of outsider. The two scholars have recently been working together. The power relations between the societies and the academic worlds from which they come turned out to be crucial to the research dynamics and became one of the paper’s key interests. Two main topics provide the structure of the collaborative paper: 1) the question of the authors’ positionality; 2) the legitimacy issues related to the study of food within academia and to scholars’ engagement outside it. The authors agree that an inextricable connection of food and politics has not only an academic or theoretical dimension, but also impacts on the realities of people’s lives
- The aim of this article is to deepen the discussion on the nature and mechanisms of culture change based on the analysis of newly acquired materials from the Targowisko settlement region. Three groups of materials were acquired (from narrow time horizons) related to the single-phase relics of Linienbandkeramik (Brzezie, site 40 and Targowisko, site 16) and Malice culture houses (Targowisko, site 14-15). The absolute chronology of the beginning of the late phase (III) LBK was established to be 5100-5000 BC, and the classic phase (Ib) of MC was dated to 4650-4550 BC. Selected threads of the cultural tradition (in the field of ceramic-making technology and ornamentation and flint-blade production technology) were passed on among families living in individual houses. Settlement analysis showed the relative instability of microregions, the increased mobility of small groups of people, and risky colonization attempts in Targowisko region. No evidence of direct, contemporaneous contact between the LBK and MC populations was found
- The aim of this article is to present coping strategies used by people registered in Public Employment Services as unemployed and workers for whom experiencing poverty is characteristic. These strategies are practiced in the absence of adequate support from public institutions and non-governmental organizations dealing with the unemployed and working poor. They are an expression of everyday efforts to stabilize and improve one’s own situ-ation. The results of the presented research are based on qualitative field research conducted between 2013–2016 in Radom and Toruń. The typology of coping strategies presented in this article is part of the stream of research on agency and strategies used by people in their everyday lives. <br>
- The aim of this article is to present further considerations on the technological and functional aspects of flint tools produced by the community of the Globular Amphora culture. These reflections are based on discoveries made in a cist grave from site 33 in Stefankowice-Kolonia (southeastern Poland). During the exploration of the funerary feature, a skeleton was found. It belonged to a man in the Maturus age. The body was accompanied by an abundant set of flint products composed of five blades and three axes (including one half-product). These artefacts were subjected to a technological analysis aimed at determining the techniques employed in the production of the blades and core tools. The analysis was complemented with microscopic examination performed in order to determine the functions of the discovered items.
- The aim of this article is to present the specificity of „thick participation”, a research method proposed by Hawaiian anthropologist Jaida Kim Samudra, which assumes deep, bodily immersion in the studied reality, a method particularly recommended for anthropologists and social scientists in general who are engaged in martial arts studies. I am interested in how this method works in the ethnographic research within Brazilian jiu-jitsu community in Warsaw. The paper can also be treated as a voice in the discussion on turning a private passion into a subject of systematic scientific investigation. The main conclusion is formulated as follows: although I cannot deny that “thick participation” may open up new fascinating paths it also creates new dilemmas and research doubts that the anthropologist has to face. In sum, “thick participation” is framed as a skill, practical experience and proper „training”
- The aim of this article is to provide information on environmental changes in the Targowisko region in the Early Neolithic as a natural response to settlement and economic activity of the human population in that area. The discussion is based on lithological, geochemical, and palynological analyses, as well as the analysis of Cladocera within strata inside the TRG (Targowisko) core, located in a small wetland in the immediate vicinity of the eastern edge of the Neolithic settlement in the Targowisko region. Settlement analysis points to the absence of stable microregions and to the mobility of human groups. This is confirmed by the sequence of settlement episodes and economic activity, reflected in the stratigraphy of the core sediments, where episodes of significant human interference are followed by phases of almost complete regeneration of the environment. No differences have been noticed between the Linienbandkeramik and Malice culture communities as regards their impact on the environment
- The aim of this article is to report on the remains of the first permanent Linear Pottery culture (LBK) settlement to be recorded in Eastern Pomerania, at a site in Kościelna Jania. Exceptional aspects of this discovery include the presence of what had very probably been longhouses, the large number of artefacts, the site’s far-northern location in relation to large LBK enclaves and the relatively early date to which it has been attributed – namely, the onset of the Notenkopf phase. The authors discuss the implications of this discovery on interpretations of the Neolithisation process in the southern Baltic coastal region. One of the key issues to resolve is where contact between farming societies and hunter-gatherer communities occurred and whether these encounters were sporadic or reasonably regular resulting, for example, from these groups living in close proximity to one another
- The aim of this article is to rethink and simultaneously to enrich previous reflections about contexts and consequences of the literary, textual and interpretive turn, which took place in the history of socio-cultural anthropology re-oriented to the literary science and philological imagination. The text reconsid ers the ‘writing culture’ movement seen from the perspective of more than three decades, focusing on three aspects. Firstly, this is the so-called new sensitivity which continuation we can observe presently in the so-called new humanities, in the post-independence, postcolonial studies, as well as engaged anthropology and action research. Secondly, presenting the consequences of the emergence of literary imagination in the anthropology at the level of epistemology and theory, the text is calls for defining the discipline as a humanity in action. Thirdly, the text presents the influence of the ‘writing culture’ movement on remodelling research practices embedded in the empirical methods of qualitative research. Undertaking her reflections in the context of the crisis of socio-cultural anthropology launched at the turn of the 1960s and 70s, the author shows its political and social contexts. The significant aspect is that so-called experimental moment in anthropology has not been limited only to focusing by anthropologists on ‘literary undertaking’, but it has been a part of a permanent legacy of the discipline which has contributed to its critical self-reflection.
- The aim of this article is to settle the origin of so-called antenna swords discovered in Poland. Here are discussed the antenna swords - also these new ones which were until now not published - and the X-ray and chemical tests of some artifacts. Due to these analyses we have got the more details knowledge of antenna swords production centers in Poland in the late bronze period
- The aim of this article is to show relations between inhabitants of Polish lands to the western Hallstatt Culture in Hallstatt D3 phase and to early La Tene Culture in La Tene A and B phases. Author elaborates a collection of about 200 fibulae from this period and other 20 relics dated at La Tene period - importations and local products inspired by Hallstatt and early La Tene style. Their chronology in accordance with actual state of research and also directions of connection with Celtic area in various phases have been corrected. The local centres of fibulae production have been also located. Author tried to prove high level and invention of local workshops especially in the beginning of La Tene A phase
- The aim of this paper is to illustrate the material remains of epidemics that affected two parishes in the centre of Poland in the 18th and 19th centuries. The paper will present the preliminary results of research in archives (metrical books) compared with both the accounts of descendants of families who died as a result of the epidemics and prospecting with non-invasive methods (LIDAR)
- The aim of this paper is to outline the interrelation between archaeological and ethnographical ways of „reading" rock art. In the history of this discourse two stages can be pointed out. First, connected with applying the structural methodology by archaeologists, showed that rock images can be perceived as an organised system, at least on the syntagmatic level, conveyinga given message. At the same time, however, by rejecting ethnographic perspectives it reduced the rock art grammar to linearity and two-dimensionality. The new tern of attentions to ethnography showed that „reading" should be understood mainly as a symbolic discourse where the crucial role to understand the message is metaphorical character of images. Thisapproach revealed also the importance of not only images but also the rock surface, which, especially in shamanic contexts, can create the third dimension of the rock art „text". Thus, the ethnographical perspective is one of stimulators of interpretative pluralism in the field of reading rock art
- The aim of this paper is to present new data on the use of plants and on flint management by Funnel Beakersocieties. Studies of usewear and residues on flint tools from the Polwica-Skrzypnik site complex located in SW Poland included microscopic analyses of traces, starch and phytoliths, and adhesives. According to the usewear analysis, most of the tools were used as sickle inserts. The production of sickles was mainly based on goodquality imported flint material, but local groups also supplemented their needs with local flint. The identified phytoliths can be assigned to the grass and sedge families Poaceae and Cyperaceae, respectively, and to the subfamily Panicoideae of Poaceae. Microscopic traces indicate that inserts were re-sharpened during use and recycled by modifying them into other morphological and functional tools, such as hide scrapers. FTIR and GCMS analyses show that the resinous substance preserved on the surfaces of the flint tools is wood tar, obtained by a process of pyrolysis of the bark of Betulaceae trees.
- The aim of this paper is to re-evaluate two megaliths — tomb 8 at Sarnowo and tomb 1 at Świerczynek. A starting point for analysis is the presentation of the conceptions of a palimpsest and perspectivism, which, in this case, are effective analytical tools. The general conclusion, resulting from the present work, is the long duration and variety of forms of the use of the megaliths
- The aim of this short communication is to discuss a figurative and inscribed stamp on an Eastern Sigillata C/Çandarli Ware vessel fragment found recently by German archaeologists during the field survey in Elaia. A closer look at this find allowed the present authors to identify the stamp as a replica of a composition seen on the reverse of bronze coins struck in Pergamon under Antoninus Pius, showing the Capricorn with a globe and cornucopia, and an inscription nEPrAMH/NQN below. The presentation of this so far unparalleleddiscovery is preceded and followed by some comments on the character of Eastern Sigillata stamping, production of terra sigillata in and around Pergamon as well as on the Roman imperial iconography in the Pergameneand related coinage from the reign of Augustus until the Antonine period
- The aim of this study is to present a full characterization and catalogue of the graves of the early medieval inhumation necropolis that was recently found at the edge of the loess uplands in the western part of Małopolska (Lesser Poland) – specifically, in Grodowice, Kazimierza Wielka district. The second aim is to determine the matrilineal genetic structure and to present the first medieval population-level human DNA study from Małopolska.
- The aim of this study was to locate and date extreme flood events and climate change using diverse evidence from the Middle Obra region. The study includes the results of archaeological and geoarchaeological research of the archeological sites from different periods of prehistory and historic times, using different methods. These results were compared with the earlier spatial analyses of prehistoric and historic settlements with regard to hydromorphometrical characteristics of the study area, as well as with multiproxy analyses of deposits from Lake Wonieść, the largest water body of the region
- The aim of this work is to present the translation of professional terminology concerning tobacco pipes acquired by excavation methods, supplementing the already existing term base of concepts with a Polish-English translation, important in the context of the current research on this subject. This dictionary is a translation of the basic terms used in English-language works (also used in works of researchers from Central and Eastern Europe) concerning descriptions of tobacco pipe remains (based on finds of stub-stemmed pipes, one-piece clay pipes and porcelain pipes) in archaeological research, the production of such paraphernalia and elements of history of tobacco smoking, which were additionally supplemented with terms currently used in Polish archaeological literature. This dictionary should be treated as a contribution to further work on standardisation of European archaeological terminology, which should provide an aid for both specialists and enthusiasts reaching for professional literature on antique pipes
