Skip to main menu
Skip to search engine
Skip to content
Skip to footer
en
pl
en
pl
Contrast
Login
en
pl
en
pl
Login
Contrast
Back
About project
About project
Mission
Partners and organization
Projects
Technical informations
FAQ
Copyrights
Regulations
Archive policy
Privacy policy
Declaration of availability
Contact
Collections
Collections
Publications of IGiPZ PAN and employees
Library
Books
Series/Journals/Periodics
Maps and atlases
Selected collections
Polish Geographical Society Collection
Prof. Józef Staszewski Collection
CeBaDoM - Central Database of Mills in Poland
millPOLstone - Central Millstones Database
Indexes
Indexes
Title
Subtitle
Creator
Contributor
Publisher
Place of publishing
Date issued/created
Date on-line publ.
Date copyrighted
Date available
Description
Thesis degree information
Degree name
Level of degree
Degree discipline
Degree grantor
Unified name
Other names
ID number
Type of object
Location
Location- administrative unit (former)
See the map
Hydrographic network
Century
Period (time interval)
Functioning confirmed in year
Object type
Installed capacity
Assignment
Ownership
Usage
Owner
Tenant
Miller
State of preservation- mill building
State of preservation- water/wind wheel
State of preservation- miller's settlement
State of preservation- hydraulic structures
State of preservation- dike
State of preservation- pond mill
State of preservation- mill stream
Object description
Research Manager/ Creator of Collection
Author (of drawing, photo, record)
Documentation
Subject and Keywords
Abstract
References
Relation
Citation
Volume
Issue
Start page
End page
Resource type
Format
Resource Identifier
Source
Language
Language of abstract
Coverage
Spatial coverage
Temporal coverage
Rights
Terms of use
Copyright holder
Digitizing institution
Original in
Projects co-financed by
Tags
Recently viewed
Recently viewed
Objects
Collections
RCIN Repositories
RCIN Repositories
INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII I ETNOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ LITERACKICH POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAWCZY LEŚNICTWA
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII DOŚWIADCZALNEJ IM. MARCELEGO NENCKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BIOLOGII SSAKÓW POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT CHEMII FIZYCZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT CHEMII ORGANICZNEJ PAN
INSTYTUT FILOZOFII I SOCJOLOGII PAN
INSTYTUT GEOGRAFII I PRZESTRZENNEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA PAN
INSTYTUT HISTORII im. TADEUSZA MANTEUFFLA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT MATEMATYCZNY PAN
INSTYTUT MEDYCYNY DOŚWIADCZALNEJ I KLINICZNEJ IM.MIROSŁAWA MOSSAKOWSKIEGO POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT PODSTAWOWYCH PROBLEMÓW TECHNIKI PAN
INSTYTUT SLAWISTYKI PAN
SIEĆ BADAWCZA ŁUKASIEWICZ - INSTYTUT TECHNOLOGII MATERIAŁÓW ELEKTRONICZNYCH
MUZEUM I INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
INSTYTUT BADAŃ SYSTEMOWYCH PAN
INSTYTUT BOTANIKI IM. WŁADYSŁAWA SZAFERA POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK
Search field
How to search...
Advanced search
MAIN PAGE
|
Indexes
Index:
Abstract
Results:
9
Abstract
Selected letter: V
all
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
Search in field Abstract
of
1
Various shapes are taken on by the bedrock outcrops emerging from regolith cover, typically described using the generic term ‘crag’ or ‘tor’. Consequently, specific terms have been proposed to account for this variety. Among these outcrops are those consisting of a narrow lower part (stem) and a wider upper part (cap), resembling a mushroom. In English, they are named pedestal rocks if built of hard, well-lithified rock; or hoodoos if the rock is softer, but there is no established boundary line between the two. Not uncommonly, however, and perhaps less formally, they are referred to as ‘rock mushrooms’ (or mushroom rocks), to emphasise the unusual shape. In Polish, the term equivalent to ‘rock mushroom’ has been used at least since the 1930s, and appears to be a legitimate part of geomorphological vocabulary. In this paper, we present the occurrences of rock mushrooms in different lithologies, identify geological controls and review various hypotheses regarding their origin and evolution. Rock mushrooms are known from various lithological settings, although some bedrock types clearly favour their origin more than the others. First of all, these are sandstones and aconglomerates. Rock mushrooms are up to 10 m high, whereas height proportions between the stem and the cap vary, resulting in a great variety of specific shapes, from large monoliths on low (<1 m) pedestals to tiny caps on top of slender stems >5 m high. In Poland, the north-eastern part of the Stołowe Mountains abounds in rock mushrooms developed in Upper Cretaceous sandstones; but they also occur in other parts of the Sudetes, where Cretaceous sandstones crop out; and in the flysch Carpathians. Specific variants of rock mushrooms in clastic rocks include those related to non-uniform silification of sandy sediments (e.g. Fontainebleau Forest, France) or secondary ferruginisation of sandstone beds (e.g. Kokořinsko, Czechia). Rock mushrooms are also known from limestone and dolomite terrain, with the massive forms in Ciudad Encantada, Spain, being probably the tallest known from literature. The latter are up to 15 m high and have developed within a dolomite succession. Heights above 10 m are also attained by rockmushrooms in the volcanic succession of Cappadocia, Turkey, locally described as ‘fairy chimneys’. A great variety of shapes are documented from this region, with conical caps being very common. Granite rock mushrooms are comparatively rare, and in this case a clear distinction between the stem and the cap usually proves difficult. More commonly, the outcrops assume a shape resembling the letter ‘S’ or ‘Ω’, with basal undercutting grading smoothly into a wider upper part. A specific term ‘flared slope’ has been proposed to account for this basal concavity. Finally, cap-on-stem situations typify eroded glacigenic deposits, best known from the Alps, where boulders embedded in till or outwash sediments provide a protective cap to the underlying mass. As the overall shape is often conical, the term ‘earth pyramid’ is used in some languages (e.g. Polish and German). Rock mushrooms have more than one origin, and many can in fact be polygenetic. In each case, however, rock disintegration is clearly more efficient in the basal part. The reasons for enhanced efficacy at this point vary, and include: (a) aeolian undercutting – this view prevails in primary and secondary geographical education, even as wind-abraded rock mushrooms are by no means the most common examples; (b) differential weathering related to lithological or structural heterogeneity of rock, even as the exact mechanisms of weathering may vary; (c) subsurface (subsoil) weathering (etching) leading to the origin of a narrow stem, subsequently exposed; (d) wave-undercutting in coastal settings; (e) overland flow and gully erosion – these processes are fundamental for rock-mushroom evolution in poorly-lithified deposits; (f) negative feedback between stress and erosion on exposed bedrock outcrops.
Vegetable-growing is an important agricultural production trend in the Łódzkie Voivodeship. Its significance to the economy is emphasized in the voivodeship strategic documents, in which vegetable-growing is mentioned as one of the regional assets. Areas of its occurrence have been considered to present development potential. Vegetable cultivation in the Łódzkie Voivodeship occupies a relatively large area compared to the other regions. In years 2004–2016 the Łódzkie Voivodeship took the fourth place in terms of the area of vegetable cultivation and third place regarding share of vegetables in the sown area. Analyzed had the third largest share of vegetables in the value of total and market agricultural production. In the years 2004–2016, both the area of vegetable cultivation and the size of harvest in the Łódzkie Voivodeship decreased. The area of soil-grown vegetables cultivation decreased at an average rate of 2.9% per annum, while the size of crops decreased at an average rate of 1.0% a year. Despite the decline in the area of vegetable cultivation and the size of harvest, vegetable-growing remained an important part of the regional agricultural economy. In the analyzed period, vegetables accounted for 9.7% of the total value and 11.8% of the market value of agricultural production. Their share in the value of total and market production of agriculture, in contrast to the area and harvest, increased. The average growth rate of the share of vegetables in the value of total agricultural production was 2.9% per annum. The average growth rate of vegetables share in the value of market production was 2.1% per annum. In terms of participating in the value of total plant production, vegetables took the second place in Poland. Considering the share in the value of market production, vegetables were ranked first. The region’s vegetable growing area provides economic grounds for the functioning of the vegetable and fruit-vegetable processing industry for enterprises operating both in the Łódzkie Voivodeship and in the neighboring regions.
Village refurbishment is a method of developing rural areas, which focuses on creating developmental strategies through grassroots initiatives and engagement of all interested parties on the local, regional and national levels. This process involves bringing about living conditions for entire local communities, creative development of spaces adjusted to the modern needs and fulfilling new functions. Social and economic changes, involving living areas and their surroundings, infrastructure, open-access spaces, services and meeting the living and spiritual needs are a measurable effect of these activities. Such initiatives have been popular and widespread in the European Union for over 20 years and the financial resources from the so-called Rural Development Program have served as direct support tools. The elaborated concepts and projects, based on using local resources and qualities, have been implemented within the scope of the Program for Renewal of Rural Areas as a regional system supporting the village administrative offices. The Opolskie Voivodship has become the Polish leader in such activities. Thanks to partnership cooperation with the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, local administrative authorities implemented the first projects on the renewal of rural areas in the mid-1990s. The successful ventures were inspirational for other local authorities and while Poland accessed the European Union and new potential for financial support arrived, different projects were launched all over the country. The Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship is actively involved in the Program for Renewal of Rural Areas, which has the slogan “The countryside in Warmia, Mazury and Powiśle – a place in which life is worth living…”. This paper presents the effects of the activities undertaken by different entities aimed at improving the image of the countryside and living conditions of Wejsuny residents.
Village renewal has been realised in Poland via regional village renewal programmes since 1997. The programmes have differed from each other and consequently they have implemented renewal in a diverse way. Moreover, one should note that there is a dissonance between what village renewal is in practice and what it should be according to academics. The paper possesses two aims: 1) to determine characteristics of the regional village renewal programmes in Poland and to reveal how they correspond to particular village renewal dimensions (physical-spatial, economic and social), 2) to determine the extent to which the programmes refer to village renewal features and fulfil its aims in the context of the academic theory of village renewal. More than 350 regional councils and boards’ resolutions and attachments to resolutions up to and including the year 2016 have been analysed. These include regions where the village renewal programmes operated in the past or are still in operation. Where appropriate, the author contacted respective marshal offices to obtain information. Moreover, literature review has been conducted. Selected conclusions: 1) regarding general principles of the regional village renewal programmes -they are similar to each other, and the village renewal has got broad aims and contributes to each dimension, 2) the following types of the regional programmes can be identified: „incentive”, „subsidy” and mixed, 3) the general principles of the regional programmes many times overestimated the results of the operations conducted as part of the programmes, given the aims of the operations and their expenditure, 4) concerning the operations themselves, these fulfil only the physical-spatial and partly the social dimension of the renewal.
Village renewal is currently being more and more highlighted as an element of ruralspace changes, both in terms of practical and theoretical context. The way the village renewal has changed was conditioned by changing approaches to rural areas development. At the same time, the role of local resources in rural development concepts has been different and changed according to the concepts. The above-mentioned are overlaid by the issue of the use of local resources in village renewal actions. That issue has also been dynamic in the history of village renewal. There is no doubt that those three subjects (village renewal, rural development and local resources), strongly correspond to each other. We have decided to undertake the description of these relations in order to systematise the state of art in the common ground for these three issues. The main aim of the paper wasto present the embeddedness of village renewal in rural development paradigms, partly in regional/local development paradigms, and in other scientific concepts, as well as to present the role of local resources in village renewal processes over the years. The paper, based on literature review, is theoretical and open to further debate. The considerations included in the paper indicate that village renewal bases on local resources and simultaneously strengthens them. Local resources are recognised as key in regional/local development. In the light of current scientific concepts, it is a local community who shall decide about the utilisation of these resources, which could use external instruments for this purpose.
Village renewal is one of the basic tools for supporting the socio-economic development of rural areas in Poland. This article is an attempt to compare, on the example of the Małopolskie Voivodeship, two different sources of funding projects directly supporting the renewal process – programmes co-financed by the European funds and the Działaj Lokalnie (Act Locally) Programme. In both cases, particular attention was paid to the role and activity of various local entities in the process of village renewal. The analysis of completed projects and their beneficiaries indicates complementarity of the two rural development support instruments. Village renewal projects financed from the European Union budget, implemented mainly by public sector entities, primarily include infrastructure investments. On the other hand, within the Act Locally Programme there are supported soft activities, targeted, among others at building and strengthening local identity, undertaken by entities representing the social sector. Combining both sources of financing and the efforts of various local actors may be a response to searching for comprehensive solutions leading to multidimensional village renewal. -
Virtual space
Vitality, in relation to public space denotes presence of users in the space, their activities and social relations. This is a basic feature defining public space and at the same time determining its significance and quality. In the article, the issue of vitality was related to two types of spatial structures of suburban villages, analyzing their impact on the quality of public spaces. The study implemented a behavioral mapping method adapted to the conditions of rural areas. Observations of various types of activities (necessary, optional, social) were carried out during irregular inspections over a period of 5 years. The research was aimed at identifying differences in the social functioning of two different types of rural spaces, i.e. Spiczyn a communal, multifunctional village with a compact development and clearly visible center and Spiczyn Colony (Kolonia) with scattered or terraced housing typical for suburban housing estate. Inspections allowed to specify the type, intensity and diversity of activities, type of users, share of optional and social behaviors in the overall number of users as well as the visitability of the public space. The results clearly indicate the impact of spatial structure of rural development on the quality of social relations in the countryside. As key factors determining the vitality of space the authors indicate: distribution and presence of service facilities, compactness promoting walkability, complex spatial arrangement along with the presence and proper development of places promoting stopping, recreation and meetings.
Voronezh (Russia; region)
1
of
1
This page uses 'cookies'.
More information
I understand