TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Public libraries in Poland are diversified. Some are repositories of knowledge allowing for in-depth study with vast and continually updated resources. The average citizen is served by a large network of libraries supported by local governments. Their basic task is to supply 'books to read' and to conduct educational-cultural activity. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of functions that libraries perform in the rural environment of Poland. The assessment was made on the basis of an analysis of the Central Statistical Office (GUS) data and reports derived from the Libraries Development Programme. This programme has been implemented in Poland since 2009 by the Foundation for the Development of Information Society and the Polish-American Liberty Foundation, which is a partner of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in a venture helping Polish public libraries with access to computers, the Internet and training courses. It was assumed that libraries serving rural population were those located in villages and towns of up to 20 thous. inhabitants. In Poland the accessibility of libraries as measured by the population number per library continues to decline, both in towns and rural areas. In 2002 this index amounted to 2,118, opposed to 2,555 in 2013. Two factors are responsible: a drop in the number of libraries and a slight increase in the population living in rural areas. There is no doubt that preserving a network of libraries in rural areas in Poland is necessary. Local governments are not generous patrons of libraries; on the contrary, they often liquidate them to reduce the costs of commune operation. Rural libraries prefer the educational function, thus replacing the school education system, but this takes place at the cost of their cultural functions. The model of the rural library as a centre of all kinds of information where one can learn practically everything – favoured in the western states – is still far from popular in Poland. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58071/PDF/WA51_78059_r2015-t40_SOW-Kolodziejczak.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 139 KW - libraries KW - functions of libraries KW - Libraries Development Programme KW - rural areas KW - Poland A1 - Kołodziejczak, Anna PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 129 T1 - Znaczenie funkcji bibliotek w środowisku wiejskim w Polsce = Significance of libraries' functions in rural environment of Poland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58071 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The openness of rural areas in Poland to sport, observed in the second half of the last century, constituted a derivative of the dynamic transformation process in rural culture. The appearance of the new socio-cultural phenomena of mainly urban provenance, which came alongside the physical culture in rural communities, significantly affected and changed the lifestyle of rural population. Nowadays, when sport is deeply rooted in rural areas, similar phenomena may be observed. A good example is the expansion of the ‘football culture' which takes place due to extensive presence of sport clubs, most of which promote football in rural areas. The article serves as an explication of the footbalisation phenomena in rural areas in Poland in geographical categories and attempts to go beyond predominant sociological perspective regarding that matter. The aim of this article is to point out the relations between the spatial organization related to sport event and fans' activity. The authors, taking into account the spatial aspect as inherent in football competition, make an attempt to analyze the location and the function of football pitches and stadiums in local systems using the concept of place's function in morphological, spatial, economic and social perspective. By the application of an interdisciplinary approach the course of further research on this matter has been identified and justified. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58070/PDF/WA51_78058_r2015-t40_SOW-Burdyka.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 128 KW - sports facillities KW - function of place KW - supporting KW - countries KW - sport KW - football KW - local community A1 - Burdyka, Konrad A1 - Burdyka, Krzysztof PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 115 T1 - Futbolizacja obszarów wiejskich w Polsce – perspektywa badań geograficznych = Footbalisation of rural areas in Poland. The perspective of geographical research UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58070 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Projects promoting transformation of education in rural areas, ranging from pre-school through the implementation of programs in schools, support new and adequate skills of teaching staff as well as investments in educational infrastructure are possible due to European Funds. Thanks to the activity of the commune and/or local leaders in rural areas it is possible to obtain EU funds to implement comprehensive measures to support existing educational institutions and establish new ones, retrofitting teaching base, including development of sports infrastructure, change in qualifications of teaching staff as well as investments in education infrastructure. The article presents an analysis of activities carried out using EU funds in three selected communes in the Łódzkie Voivodship, in the selected three rural communes: Drużbice, Grabów and Kowiesy, in the period 2006–2013 with respect to statistics on different implemented projects for the corresponding period and selected areas of education inequality. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58069/PDF/WA51_78056_r2015-t40_SOW-Gabryelak.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 113 KW - education inequality KW - EU funds KW - rural areas KW - educational opportunities A1 - Gabryelak, Ewa A1 - Psyk-Piotrowska, Elzbieta PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 95 T1 - Wykorzystanie środków unijnych w obszarach nierówności w edukacji. Na przykładzie działań wybranych trzech gmin wiejskich województwa łódzkiego w latach 2006–2013 = Use of UE funds in areas of education inequality. Examples of measures in selected three rural communes of the Łódzkie Voivodship in 2006-2013 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58069 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Due to the fact that Poland accessed European Union in 2004 its rural areas have been supported by a broad stream of structural funds. These, through various programmes and different financial mechanisms, have gradually contributed to the modernization of rural areas. One of the most effective means of this support was LEADER, whose recognition in Poland is the largest among all EU member states. This tool, which involves activation of local communities, has proved to be an effective response to the real needs of specific people – educational needs were considered especially important. The article analysed how and to what extent LEADER mechanism supports educational processes in rural areas. All 27.5 thousand LEADER projects implemented in 2007–2013 financial perspective in Poland were analysed. Both local development strategies and cooperation projects were taken into account. In the case of the latter, the educational component, however, proved to be of marginal importance. In the framework of the implementation of local development strategies educational initiatives accounted for a quarter of all projects. They included a variety of forms, however two main groups of activities were distinguished: direct and indirect support of education. Indirect support initiatives were in majority on a country scale as well as in individual LGDs (Local Action Groups) – both in terms of number and expense. Most of them involved constructing dayrooms in the villages. Countrywide projects directly supporting education were of a relatively minor importance. Analyses of the number and value of educational projects did not show significant spatial relationships. The universality of „hard” investments, especially rural dayrooms, which involve a large amount of funds unifies spatial structure image of the projects. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58068/PDF/WA51_78055_r2015-t40_SOW-Sykala.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 94 KW - LEADER mechanism KW - Local Action Group KW - education KW - rural areas A1 - Sykała, Łukasz A1 - Dej, Magdalena A1 - Wolski, Oskar PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 81 T1 - Wsparcie edukacji na obszarach wiejskich z wykorzystaniem programu LEADER = Educaation support on rural areas by means of the LEADER Programme UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58068 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The subject of this work concerns primary education in rural areas of the Małopolskie Voivodship. The research is particularly focused upon Miechów district, which is located in the south-western part of the Małopolskie Voivodship. The authors strived to present the impact of demographic conditions upon the network of schools in this strongly depopulating region and identify to what extend trends among population limit the accessibility to after-school activities for children and adolescents. The aim of this paper is to present the location and accessibility of primary education institutions in Miechów district and also to assessthe organization of after-school activities which is a major factor in ensuring equal opportunities of education among children and adolescents. As a result of unfavorable demographic tendencies, schools are being closed down. In the Małopolskie Voivodship 143 (12.3%) primary schools were liquidated over the years 2000–2012 and these include mainly small,ruralschoolsin agricultural areas. The number of pupils attending primary schools decreased even more. Between the years 2000–2012 the number fell by over 80 thousand (from 280 thousand to just under 200  thousand which constitutes 30%). The authors attempted to  determine essential information about children's travel to schools such as: residence place of children that are brought to particular schools, the average time of reaching school from where they live and the means of transport that a child chooses to reach the school. In 2008 the location of primary schools in the area of Miechów district allowed for relatively good accessibility within its borders. However, during the years 2008–2014 the spatial accessibility greatly decreased as a result of many institutions being closed down. The average time a child needs to reach school extended by 20% in the whole discussed area. The highest increase was observed in Kozłów commune, in which the time extended by 46% (to 3,4 minutes) and where 5 primary schools were liquidated. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58067/PDF/WA51_78053_r2015-t40_SOW-Gil.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 80 KW - accessibility to education KW - rural areas KW - Małopolska KW - primary schools KW - education A1 - Gil, Agnieszka A1 - Semczuk, Marcin PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 65 T1 - Dostępność edukacji podstawowej na obszarach wiejskich województwa małopolskiego– studium przypadku powiatu miechowskiego = Accessibility to primary education in rural areas of the małopolskie voivodship – case study of Miechów district UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58067 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Education level of farm managers is an important factor in agricultural development. A multi-functional development of rural areas and implementation of knowledge-based economy contribute to the increase of education level among rural inhabitants. This paper is an attempt of a quantitative presentation of agriculture-related education among farm managers in Poland and identification of trends observed in this matter between 2002 and 2010, with a particular emphasis on the Kujawsko-pomorskie Voivodship. The analysis accounts for the number of farmers in five categories of education level, i.e.: (1) no agriculture-related education; (2) agriculture-related training course; (3) vocational education in agriculture; (4) vocational education in agriculture and post-agricultural education; (5) higher education in agriculture (university/technical university, etc.). With reference to the duration of agriculture-related education, conversion rates were used for the purposes of the analysis, which enabled construction of bonitation index concerning farm managers. The study of spatial differentiation of the observed patterns involved natural, urban and historical determinants. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58066/PDF/WA51_78052_r2015-t40_SOW-Gwiazdzinska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 63 KW - agricultural education KW - Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship A1 - Gwiaździńska-Goraj, Marta A1 - Rudnicki, Roman PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 51 T1 - Stan i zmiany wykształcenia rolniczego kierowników gospodarstw rolnych w latach 2002–2010 w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim = Status and changes in agricultural education of farm managers in year 2002-2010 in the Kujawso-pomorskie Voivodship UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58066 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The article presents linguistic image of a villager in the contemporary Polish language. The study was conducted basing on definitions in general and specialized dictionaries of the Polish language as well as questionnaires. The analysis allowed to describe the stereotype of a villager in the consciousness of Poles, which is based upon a combination of grammatical and metaphorical meanings. Even in lexicographical studies there was a disturbing lack of separation of the colloquial understanding of the term – wieśniak (a villager, a peasant) – an ill-mannered, badly behaved man. In most lexicographical studies the grammatical component "man from the village" was built in the definitions and metaphorical understanding of the lexeme. The questionnaires conducted confirm this thesis. For respondents a villager is a resident of the village, characterized by: a lack of sophistication, cultural ignorance, use of dialect, vulgarity, lack of intelligence. The results are surprising, considering that half of the respondents live in the countryside and 99% have at least weekly contact with someone living in rural areas. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58065/PDF/WA51_78069_r2015-t40_SOW-Gaze.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 187 KW - linguistic image of the world KW - villager KW - cultural linguistic KW - stereotypifization KW - countries A1 - Gaze, Mateusz PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 181 T1 - Językowy obraz wieśniaka we współczesnej polszczyźnie = Linguistic image of a villager in the contemporary Polish language UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58065 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The article is a result of a study on needs and plans concerning youth of the Mazowieckie Voivodship, with a particular emphasis on rural residents. The survey was attended by secondary school students across the examined region. Questions asked in the survey focused on young people's perception of their place of residence, their anticipation for further education, career, and chances on the labor market. The study also allowed to examine factors that affect decisions of young people on their future in terms of family and professional life, as well as future place of residence. Research findings allowed to observe processes referring to theoretical concepts, such as the central place theory of Walter Christaller and growth poles theory of Francois Perroux. In the Mazowieckie Voivodship, Warsaw is the strongest growth pole that attracts young people in terms of career and place of residence. The most important factors determining young people’s decisions on their career path and place of residence are the possibilities of further education and feelings in terms to their labor market opportunities. The study results showed that students consider higher education as providing most advantage on the labor market. However, nowadays acquiring higher education does not ensure employment as much as several years before. Statistics of unemployment in Poland show that the growth in the number of unemployed is the greatest among people with higher education. Expansion of education opportunities and its accessibility have contributed to the increase in education level of rural population. The same circumstances resulted in the enhancement of their aspirations and expectations concerning employment. This is also the reason for the increasing scale of migrations, especially among young women. The reasons for migration of youth to regional growth poles, mostly to Warsaw and its metropolitan area, are: low attractiveness of rural and peripheral areas reflecting in limited opportunities for personal growth, low availability of various services and low transport accessibility. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58064/PDF/WA51_78049_r2015-t40_SOW-Strzelecki.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 49 KW - rural youth KW - Mazowieckie voivodeship KW - educational plans KW - professional aspirations KW - migration A1 - Strzelecki, Zbigniew A1 - Wysocka, Malwina PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 35 T1 - Rola czynników rozwoju regionalnego w kształtowaniu planów edukacyjnych i migracyjnych młodzieży wiejskiej województwa mazowieckiego = Impact of regional development factors on educational and migration plans of rural youth in the Mazowieckie Voivodship UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58064 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The aim of this article is to present the significance of higher education for changes in the Polish countryside. These transformation are – directly or indirectly – related to changes assigned to the value of education, as well as to structural changes in the entire system of higher education in Poland. Popularization and greater accessibility to higher education has undoubtedly affected rural youth and rural areas themselves. As a consequence, the areas that until recently had been marginalised were given an opportunity to 'catch up' in terms of educational and civilization progress. It was all possible certainly not only due to institutional changes in education system but also as a result of changes in the mentality of rural inhabitants, opening to new cultural trends and values – and last but not least – substantial aid from the European Union targeted at rural areas. The countryside has undoubtedly used this opportunity. Owing to a student-oriented broad opening of higher education institutions, youth has been given a chance to acquire their dream qualifications and higher education. The risk of unemployment has also been minimised. It is the young people of rural areas that became the most important beneficiaries as they were given an opportunity to develop, fulfil their ambitions and improve their qualifications. Although young people of rural areas still regard education as a means of social advancement, such dissemination brought them education in an unprecedented scale, while rural areas were given an opportunity to rebuild their elites. Among the negative consequences of these processes are more intense bonds with the town (through employment or residence), which are replacing the existing bonds with the countryside. The situation described may in fact be of dysfunctional nature for rural areas. It is true that an increasing number of people with higher education can be found in rural areas, yet most of them have a limited contact with rurality. Another negative function of higher education is that it shapes life and professional aspirations outside agriculture and encourages young people to leave rural areas. Higher education contributes indirectly to the unwillingness of rural youth to return to the countryside. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58063/PDF/WA51_78039_r2015-t40_SOW-Wasielewski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 33 KW - functions of universities KW - higher education KW - popularization of education KW - rural areas KW - value of education A1 - Wasielewski, Krzysztof PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Funkcje szkolnictwa wyższego dla obszarów wiejskich – wybrane zagadnieniaz perspektywy socjologa = Functions of higher education for rural areas - selected issues from a sociological point of view UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58063 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The article discusses the issue of presentation concerning rural areas and agriculture in geography textbooks in two countries – Poland and England, which differ in both main assumptions of the geographical education, as well as works devoted to the problem of rural areas on scientific grounds. What is shared by the two countries is the fact that both in Poland and England, geography as a school subject is compulsory only for four years at the 3rd level of education. Only during this short period students learn about the nature of the discipline and the subject of its research. Textbooks analyzed in the article were regarded as areas of presentation of the geographical environment, which – in accordance to the concept of H. Lefebvre (1974, 1991) – like other media indirectly shape certain presentation of space. Comparison of textbooks' content related to agriculture and rural geography in Poland and England confirmed imperfections of Polish geographical education, which does not fully exploit potential of the discipline. Moreover, applied manners of presentation do not follow achievements of geography at the scientific level. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58062/PDF/WA51_78065_r2015-t40_SOW-Tobiasz-Lis.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 179 KW - image KW - countries KW - agriculture KW - textbooks KW - programme basis A1 - Tobiasz-Lis, Paulina PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 169 T1 - Obraz wsi i rolnictwa w polskich i angielskich podręcznikach do geografii = Image of countryside and agriculture in Polish and English geography textbooks UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58062 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - In previous studies on the development of human geography, the most commonly accepted historical model is a chronological description of the issues discussed, accompanied by characteristics of the most notable scientific works. A similar situation may be applied to the summaries of achievements in geography of agriculture. An attempt of subjective reconstruction concerning theoretical and methodological foundations is a much less frequently implemented model for assessing the achievements and character of the discipline. The development of agricultural geography research program in Poland can be seen as a set of successive sub-programs, whose history of introduction can be interpreted as a repeated procedure of reforming the hard core and creating a protective belt around it. The genesis and maintenance of the explanatory power of the research program by gradual expansion of the subject matter, while retaining the methodological discipline is an interesting case in the evolution of a scientific movement, its growth, blooming and decline. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58061/PDF/WA51_78032_r2015-t40_SOW-Wojcik.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 20 KW - geography of agriculture KW - methodology of geography KW - scientific research programme A1 - Wójcik, Marcin PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 7 T1 - Naukowy program badawczy. Studium przypadku geografii rolnictwa w Polsce = Scientific research program. Case study of the Polish geography of agriculture UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58061 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The aim of this article is to present the role played by the society in the decision-making process concerning development of rural areas carried out by local governments. Applying the knowledge on inhabited environment resulting from the experience of the participants in a given area, local authorities can shape the area more responsibly and accurately. The article indentified fundaments of this knowledge and its forms of transfer. It has been emphasised that knowledge can also become a basis for cooperation between public and private sectors. The value of rural inhabitants' active participation in the rural revival and the necessity of including this social group in the process of decision-making have been considered as well. Moreover, the article discusses forms of communication between inhabitants and local government due to the fact that the discussing skill is always an additional value in the context of implementing the process of rural revival. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58060/PDF/WA51_78061_r2015-t40_SOW-Staszewska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 167 KW - environmental knowledge KW - society at planning and management processes KW - rural revival A1 - Staszewska, Sylwia PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 159 T1 - Rola wiedzy środowiskowej mieszkańców w procesie odnowy wsi = The role of inhabitants' environmental knowledge in the process of rural revival UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58060 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Landscape-oriented education taking into consideration regional assets and cultural determinants plays a specialrole in the formation ofrural areas. A survey research conducted among students of Spatial Management, Landscape Architecture as well as Tourism and Recreation revealed differences in their perception of rural cultural landscape depending on the field of study. Students demonstrated gaps in their knowledge of cultural landscape, which could have a detrimental effect on their interpretation and formation of rural space in the future. A comparative analysis of "ideal countryside" essays and credit papers concerning conceptions of land development showed that it was necessary to exchange knowledge and experiences of students representing various fields (e.g. via inter-school workshops, common practices/field classes, project exhibitions). The research conducted and analysis of the syllabuses concerning the three selected fields have proven that landscape formation, especially in rural areas, should be taught as a separate field of study because the relevant knowledge imparted in the present form may become vague. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58059/PDF/WA51_78060_r2015-t40_SOW-Szczepanska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 157 KW - rural areas KW - landscape and cultural heritage KW - syllabus KW - landscape-oriented education KW - regional and art education A1 - Szczepańska, Magdalena A1 - Szczepańska, Magdalena PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 141 T1 - Stan wiedzy prokrajobrazowej studentów na tle treści kształcenia = Students' landscape-oriented knowledge in comparison to educational program UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58059 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58058/PDF/WA51_78030_r2015-t40_SOW-Wprowadzenie.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Edukacja i kapitał ludzki w rozwoju lokalnym i regionalnym J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich J2 - Rural Studies PY - 2015 EP - 5 KW - Geography KW - Spatial and Regional Planning A1 - Wójcik, Marcin A1 - Czapiewski, Konrad Ł. PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 5 T1 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40, Wprowadzenie UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58058 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58057/PDF/WA51_78029_r2015-t40_SOW-Spis-tresci.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Edukacja i kapitał ludzki w rozwoju lokalnym i regionalnym PY - 2015 EP - 3 KW - Geography KW - Spatial and Regional Planning A1 - Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne. Komisja Obszarów Wiejskich. A1 - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. Zespół Badań Obszarów Wiejskich. PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 3 T1 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40, Spis treści UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58057 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The principal objective of this paper is to analyze social, demographic and professional transformation of rural population inhabiting the Opolskie Voivodship in the period of 1995-2011. The study is mainly based on the CSO data from the National Census. The article provides analysis concerning potential effects of these phenomena in the perspective of 2035 and 2050. It has been proven that the thesis of a deep demographic crisis of this region’s rural areas is justified. There have occurred meaningful changes in the professional structure of rural population and the use of labor resources is highly varied and complex, both in terms of time and space. Rural areas presenting agricultural function in the Opolskie Voivodship are not completely utilized considering their demographic potential, and conducted research has confirmed that the human factor in agriculture has been weakening (demographic deformations have occurred mainly due to permanent migration outflow). L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/59968/PDF/WA51_79477_r2016-t41_SOW-Rauzinski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 41 J2 - Rural Studies PY - 2016 EP - 262 KW - rural population KW - migration KW - Opole Silesia A1 - Rauziński, Robert A1 - Szczygielski, Kazimierz PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 41 CY - Warszawa SP - 245 T1 - Ludność, zatrudnienie, migracje wśród ludności wiejskiej Śląska Opolskiego w latach 1995–2017–2035 = Population, employment and migration of the Opolskie Voivodship's rural population in years 1995-2017-2035 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59968 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - In the foregoing course of demographic processes in rural areas of the Opolskie Voivodship the population outflow within migration to towns (similar to the situation in the whole country) and the most intensive emigration in Poland stunted the growth of rural population. Despite the positive natural change which lasted till the end of the 20th century the number of rural population was showing lower dynamics and shorter growing period than urban population, characterized by the lack of replacing generations much earlier comparing to rural areas. In the first half of the 21st century it is predicted that in rural areas of the Opolskie Voivodship the population will decrease from 484 thous. in 2011 to 385 thous. people in 2050 (about 20%), however this will still be a less pronounced decrease than in urban areas (about 32%). As a result, the Opolskie Voivodship will experience the greatest depopulation in Poland (about 26% in comparison to de facto population in 2011). However, it should be mentioned that the category of de facto population is not particularly useful in analyzing population size in a region characterized by intensive, temporal migrations abroad, as it takes place in the Opolskie Voivodship. The number of de facto population in this voivodship is overestimated in comparison to its real population size. Thus, demographic prospects concerning the category of resident population rather than de facto population would be more appropriate for managing the development of a region effectively, which is currently threatened by intensive, temporal migration outflow. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/59967/PDF/WA51_79474_r2016-t41_SOW-Dybowska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 41 J2 - Rural Studies PY - 2016 EP - 244 KW - rural areas KW - depopulation KW - temporal migrations abroad KW - de facto population KW - Opole Silesia A1 - Dybowska, Joanna PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 41 CY - Warszawa SP - 229 T1 - Ludność na obszarach wiejskich województwa opolskiego – przeszłość i perspektywy demograficzne = Population in rural areas of the Opolskie Voivodship - demographic past and future prospects UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59967 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - In 1975 rural areas in the Opolskie Voivodship were inhabited by approx. 559 thous. citizens, i.e. 13.9% more than in 2014. Decrease of population is unequally distributed. Nineteen communes lost more than 20% of their inhabitants and in six among them the decrease exceeded 30% ( up to 36.2%). Only five communes experienced a slight increase of population. According to the demographic prognosis, in 2050 rural areas are expected to be inhabited by approx. 385 thous. people –19.6 % less than now. These changes are going to be a continuation of the already consolidated depopulation processes, which have started about 40 years ago. Such condition distinguishes the Opolskie Voivodship and predestines it to becoming an experimental ground for demographic transformation research and forming of conclusions to counteract the inevitable impact of depopulation. The regional strategy Special Demographic Zone Programme – ‘Opolskie for a family’ does not take into consideration the problem of village vanishing, although the existence of such process is implied by the scale of population decrease. The village vanishing process, depicted by the Wilków village case study, corresponds with the model of a negative development spiral, formulated in Austria by G. Weber in 2006. This process after occurrence of an triggering factor, e.g. lack of jobs, manifests itself as a sequence of multiple negative feedbacks. The author distinguishes phases of this sequence indicating factors, e.g. financial transfers from job emigration and EU structural funds, which have slowed down the process in the Opolskie Voivodship. Between 2002 and 2012 inhabitants number decrease took place in 3/4 of villages. In 244 villages it exceeded 1% per year. In 1/3 of villages between 2008 and 2013 no flat was built. These numbers depict to what extent villages in the region are endangered by vanishing. In the final parts of this article perspectives of further rural transformations in the region were discussed and a counteract strategy was outlined. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/59966/PDF/WA51_79469_r2016-t41_SOW-Wilczynski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 41 J2 - Rural Studies PY - 2016 EP - 227 KW - spiral of negative development KW - depopulation KW - rural areas KW - Opolskie voivodeship A1 - Wilczyński, Ryszard PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 41 CY - Warszawa SP - 209 T1 - Sytuacja rozwojowa wsi w województwie opolskim w warunkach depopulacji = Development of rural areas in the Opolskie Voivodship under depopulation conditions UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59966 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The aim of this paper is the analysis of population projection for communes of the Dolnośląskie Voivodship for the period of 2013–2020. It has been predicted that by 2020 the population of the province will decrease by 36.8 thousand inhabitants. The highest depopulation is expected to take place in major cities of the region, however the population of rural areas of Dolnośląskie will rise by 23.3 thousand. Rural areas of the voivodship are characterized by considerable diversification of trends in demographic changes: population increase in suburban communes, stagnation or population decrease in other communes. Spatial diversification of demographic trends will contribute to changes in population distribution. At the regional scale, growth of population concentration will be observed within the Wrocław Functional Area. However, considering local systems, a deconcentration of population (caused by suburbanization processes) is expected to take place. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/59965/PDF/WA51_79466_r2016-t41_SOW-Gorecka.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 41 J2 - Rural Studies PY - 2016 EP - 207 KW - population changes KW - demographic projection KW - rural areas KW - Lower Silesia A1 - Górecka, Stanisława A1 - Szmytkie, Robert A1 - Maleszka, Wojciech PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 41 CY - Warszawa SP - 199 T1 - Prognoza demograficzna dla obszarów wiejskich województwa dolnośląskiego do 2020 r. = Population projection for rural areas of the Dolnośląskie Voivodship by 2020 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59965 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Migration flow is an important factor determining the number of population, at the same time showing how the spatial distribution of population is constantly adapting to continuous changes in socio-economic conditions. Due to migration of people, variations are observed in: structure of population, spatial distribution of population, and total population growth. The issues of the migration flows of the Polish population have been the subject matter of plethora of academic studies and research projects, including publications with both a nationwide and a regional focus. This paper is an attempt to present the status and changes in the intensity of migration flows in northern Poland. The timeframe of studies spans between 2004 and 2013. Simultaneously, for a more comprehensive analysis of the problem, the following aspects are examined: spatial differences in migration balance – status of permanent residence among 1000 people (internal and external flows) – at the level of rural communes in the studied region. In its next stage, the research is directed at selection of rural communes characterised by a negative net migration rate i.e. where the negative migration flows were observed throughout the entire period of 2004–2013 per 1000 people and at examination of the dynamics of change in population number between 2004 and 2013. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/59964/PDF/WA51_79456_r2016-t41_SOW-Gwaizdzinska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 41 J2 - Rural Studies PY - 2016 EP - 198 KW - migration flows KW - rural areas KW - North Poland A1 - Gwiaździńska-Goraj, Marta A1 - Goraj, Sebastian PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 41 CY - Warszawa SP - 185 T1 - Ruch migracyjny na obszarach wiejskich Polski północnej = Migration flows in rural areas of Northern Poland. UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59964 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The purpose of this article is to present changes in capability and quality of human capital and to assess the impact of implementing ESF co-financed interventions in improving the quality of human resources. An important element of the work was the genesis of research in the subject of human capital as one of the most important economic resources. For this purpose, a review of economic theories regarding the importance and role of human capital in socio-economic development of the country and region was conducted. The areas of study comprised Northern and Western Poland and East Germany. To evaluate the quality of human capital demographic (population growth, migration) and social elements (employment, economic dependency ratio, unemployment) were considered. Conducted research allowed for identification of rural human capital growth areas and potential problem areas. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/59963/PDF/WA51_79448_r2016-t41_SOW-Jezierska-Thole.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 41 J2 - Rural Studies PY - 2016 EP - 183 KW - human capital KW - natural change KW - migration KW - unemployment KW - rural areas KW - Poland KW - Eastern Germany A1 - Jezierska-Thöle, Aleksandra PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 41 CY - Warszawa SP - 167 T1 - Zmiany w zasobach i jakości kapitału ludzkiego na obszarach wiejskich Polski i wschodnich Niemiec = Changes in resources and quality of human capital in rural areas of Poland and East Germany UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59963 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The aim of this research was to present selected problems of informal caregivers, who take care of elderly family members. The economic aspect of caregivers’ unpaid labor was estimated. The study considered structure of seniors’ care assistants in terms of age, education level, marital status and employment sector of workers and activity type of the unemployed. Data concerning rural areas was confronted with figures characterizing urban areas. Based on literature review in the field of gerontology, nursing and public health the author identified health and social risks related to the role of caregiver for people, who are “in the twilight” of their lives. It was found that theoretical knowledge concerning Caregiver Stress Syndrome (CSS) present in Polish scientific publications for the last five years does not reflect the actual needs of informal caregivers, who look after elderly family members. Public attention mainly focuses on seniors without recognizing the needs of caregivers. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/59962/PDF/WA51_79447_r2016-t41_SOW-Musialik.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 41 J2 - Rural Studies PY - 2016 EP - 164 KW - informal seniors' caregivers in rural areas KW - unpaid women labor KW - Caregiver Stress Syndrome KW - social exclusion A1 - Musialik, Wanda PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 41 CY - Warszawa SP - 153 T1 - Problemy nieformalnych opiekunów seniorów w rodzinie – kwestia ważna czy mało ważna? Rozważania niearbitralne = Problems of informal seniors' caregivers in the family - an important or negligible issue? Non-arbitrary reflections UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59962 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The aim of this article is to assess the degree of consistency between municipal development strategies concerning the Opolskie Voivodship with the regional strategy. The author analyzed the character and the scope of recognition regarding guidelines resulting from the strategic document elaborated at the regional level in local strategies. It is assumed that pursuing a policy based on coherent and mutually linked strategic documents strengthens developmental effects. The above-mentioned analysis illustrated limited consistency of local strategic documents with the regional strategy. The overview of selected strategic documents at the local level in the context of substantive reference to the regional strategic objectives shows that although this type of convergence occurs, it does not have the direct and broad character. Therefore, there is a need to resolve the dilemma as to the legitimacy (or lack thereof) of establishing an integrated regional policy from the viewpoint of relations concerning strategic documents formed at local self-government level with the documents of senior level. Assuming the existence of significant benefits resulting from a coherent development policy, it would be essential to elaborate the system on a regional level, which would incorporate the principles of this policy. Its aim should be to strengthen developmental effects through clear identification of key directions and concentration of public resources on defined and crucial development goals, taking into account local needs and challenges of the region’s development. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/59961/PDF/WA51_79446_r2016-t41_SOW-Solga.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 41 J2 - Rural Studies PY - 2016 EP - 151 KW - Opolskie voivodeship KW - local strategies KW - regional strategy KW - strategic documents cohesion A1 - Solga, Brygida PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 41 CY - Warszawa SP - 135 T1 - Spójność strategii rozwoju gmin wiejskich województwa opolskiego ze strategią regionalną = Consistency of the Opolskie Voivodship municipal development strategies with the regional strategy UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59961 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The main goal of the article was to evaluate the level of the individual sector involvement in tri-sector partnership in submitting LEADER programme projects (called “small projects”). The research was conducted in 15 Local Action Groups of the Śląskie Voivodeship, Poland; 3161 “small projects” submitted in 2009-2014 were analysed. The research has shown that:1) It seems that there is a considerable connection between the involvement level of each sector (social, private and public) in submitting LEADER projects and the development potential of each rural area in micro-regional context.2) The involvement level of social sector is quite high in every local action group, which can be regarded as a relative success of LEADER approach implementation in the Śląskie Voivodeship in Poland.3) The fact identified in other research that public sector is a major applicant in LEADER projects was confirmed. It could be considered as a real constraint in harmonic development of tri-sector partnerships in the future, but on the other hand it could be also a positive phenomenon, which enables LEADER implementation in these rural areas, where many obstacles limit access to LEADER funds by representation of the other sectors.These conclusions show that there is a great need of better promotion of LEADER approach especially among social and private sector. Moreover, it seems that LEADER requires a wide debate on its functions, real effects, and the role of public sector in LEADER programme implementation. It is particularly important in the current EU financial framework 2014-2020 in Poland as new regulations restrict the accessibility of LEADER funds for public sector. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/59960/PDF/WA51_79444_r2016-t41_SOW-Surmacz.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 41 J2 - Rural Studies PY - 2016 EP - 133 KW - LEADER KW - Silesia voivodship KW - tri-sector partnership KW - rank-and-file approach KW - small projects A1 - Surmacz, Małgorzata A1 - Magryś, Witold PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 41 CY - Warszawa SP - 121 T1 - Trójsektorowość podejścia LEADER w założeniach i w praktyce wdrażania w okresie programowania 2007–2013 na przykładzie województwa śląskiego = Tri-sector partnership in LEADER approach in theory and practice in 2007-2013 programming period - an example of the Śląskie Voivodeship in Poland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59960 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The Friendly village contest is an interesting case, which may serve to determine and interpret modern need in the development of local communities. It provides an overview of interesting projects, which result from the activity of local government, with the involvement of local leaders and groups of activists gathered around them. Despite their origin being closely connected to internal potential, in many cases the range of their influence (real and symbolic) extends beyond their location (municipality), which is consistent with the interpretations of modern rural revival processes in terms of neoendogenous development. The winners are judged on many aspects relating to the categories of impact and object use, local and supralocal context and their role in functional and social integration. Overall, they are assessed on their level of functional complexity in relation to various elements forming the social and material correlates of the settlement environment. The diversity in new rural infrastructure in relation to modern transformation is also interesting, as the tension between developmental priorities that can be illustrated as an opposition between “memory and identity” vs “here and now” is apparent. Both contexts form a complementary model of rural development. However, it is important to balance them in rural development, in order to form social consciousness that includes the historical sense of existence and the economic basis for functioning. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/59959/PDF/WA51_79438_r2016-t41_SOW-Wojcik.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 41 J2 - Rural Studies PY - 2016 EP - 120 KW - rural development KW - social infrastructure KW - cultural identity A1 - Wójcik, Marcin PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 41 CY - Warszawa SP - 109 T1 - Nowy paradygmat w rozwoju wiejskiej infrastruktury. Studium przypadku konkursu projektów Przyjazna wieś = The new paradigm in the development of rural infrastructure. The case of Przyjazna wieś (Friendly village) contest UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59959 ER -