TY - GEN N2 - Multifunctional agriculture perfectly corresponds to the concept of the sustainable development of rural areas. It brings environmental benefits: moderate and economical use of resources, respect for natural environment, preservation of agricultural landscape, conservation of animal species and plant varieties valuable in natural terms. Economic advantages related to multifunctional agriculture include additional income for farmers. There are also some social benefits such as: reinforcement of mutual links and acceptance by local communities concerning the development line of their areas. The main idea of multifunctionality is that while there are many agricultural functions expressed in terms of goods, services and markets, agriculture also produces non-market goods, e.g. in helping to preserve the landscape or biodiversity. The existence of both these types of goods is not antagonistic. The connection between the beneficial external effects of farming and its production of market goods is known as jointness. The scenario of support for multifunctional farming in Poland was outlined in the Rural Development Plan 2004–2006, and is continued under the Rural Development Programme 2007–2013. The instruments employed to implement the goals of multifunctional farming and sustainable development of rural areas were the EU measures: Support for agricultural activity in less-favoured areas (LFAs), the agri-environmental programme, and payments for energy crops. On the basis of research incorporating spatial autocorrelation statistics, the RDP 2007–2013 measures supporting multifunctional agriculture in its productive and natural (green) functions were found to have an advantageous effect on the sustainable development of rural areas in the following Voivodeships: Zachodniopomorskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie and Podlaskie as well as northern parts of Mazowieckie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie. Their effect was less significant in southern Poland, as well as in Kujawsko-Pomorskie in the case of organic farming and in Podlaskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie in the case of energy crops. In the remaining regions support for multifunctional farming had no significant influence on the sustainable development of their rural areas. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55723/PDF/WA51_76029_r2015-t37_SOW-Kolodziejczak.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 37 PY - 2015 EP - 142 KW - multifunctionality of agriculture KW - sustainable development KW - rural areas KW - spatial autocorrelation A1 - Kołodziejczak, Anna PB - IGiPZ PAN PB - PTG VL - 37 CY - Warszawa SP - 131 T1 - Wielofunkcyjność rolnictwa jako czynnik rozwoju zrównoważonego obszarów wiejskich w Polsce = Multifunctionality of agriculture as a sustainable development factor of rural areas in Poland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55723 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/62014/PDF/WA51_81677_r2016-t44_SOW-Kolodziejczak.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 44 PY - 2016 EP - 136 KW - concept of embeddedness KW - usability of resources KW - local development KW - Krobia commune A1 - Kołodziejczak, Anna PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 44 CY - Warszawa SP - 125 T1 - Rolnictwo czy węgiel brunatny – utylitarność zasobów w rozwoju lokalnym gminy Krobi = Agriculture or brown coal: usability of resources in the local development of Krobia commune UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/62014 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Public libraries in Poland are diversified. Some are repositories of knowledge allowing for in-depth study with vast and continually updated resources. The average citizen is served by a large network of libraries supported by local governments. Their basic task is to supply 'books to read' and to conduct educational-cultural activity. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of functions that libraries perform in the rural environment of Poland. The assessment was made on the basis of an analysis of the Central Statistical Office (GUS) data and reports derived from the Libraries Development Programme. This programme has been implemented in Poland since 2009 by the Foundation for the Development of Information Society and the Polish-American Liberty Foundation, which is a partner of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in a venture helping Polish public libraries with access to computers, the Internet and training courses. It was assumed that libraries serving rural population were those located in villages and towns of up to 20 thous. inhabitants. In Poland the accessibility of libraries as measured by the population number per library continues to decline, both in towns and rural areas. In 2002 this index amounted to 2,118, opposed to 2,555 in 2013. Two factors are responsible: a drop in the number of libraries and a slight increase in the population living in rural areas. There is no doubt that preserving a network of libraries in rural areas in Poland is necessary. Local governments are not generous patrons of libraries; on the contrary, they often liquidate them to reduce the costs of commune operation. Rural libraries prefer the educational function, thus replacing the school education system, but this takes place at the cost of their cultural functions. The model of the rural library as a centre of all kinds of information where one can learn practically everything – favoured in the western states – is still far from popular in Poland. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58071/PDF/WA51_78059_r2015-t40_SOW-Kolodziejczak.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 139 KW - libraries KW - functions of libraries KW - Libraries Development Programme KW - rural areas KW - Poland A1 - Kołodziejczak, Anna PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 129 T1 - Znaczenie funkcji bibliotek w środowisku wiejskim w Polsce = Significance of libraries' functions in rural environment of Poland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58071 ER -