TY - GEN PB - IGiPZ PAN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55626/PDF/WA51_75246_r2009-t81-z1_Przeg-Geogr-Kronika.pdf M3 - Text VL - 81 CY - Warszawa PY - 2009 IS - 1 EP - 138 KW - Geography SP - 125 T1 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 1 (2009), Kronika UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55626 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55625/PDF/WA51_75244_r2009-t81-z1_Przeg-Geogr-Recenzje.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny PY - 2009 IS - 1 EP - 124 KW - Geography PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 121 T1 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 1 (2009), Recenzje UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55625 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The climate of the Baltic coastline is strongly affected by prevailing cyclones and frontal activities. Frontal precipitation is shown to dominate in the Baltic area, with about two–thirds of rainfall events being frontal in origin (Walther and Bennartz, 2006). The aim of the work described here was to study precipitation totals in relation to selected atmospheric fronts and days without fronts. The analysis took in the daily precipitation totals recorded during both the cold seasons (October–March) and the warm ones (April-September) in the years 1998–2003, at seven stations along the Baltic coast (i.ee. Szczecin, Świnoujście, Koszalin, Łeba, Hel, Gdynia and Elbląg). The lower weather charts from the years 1998–2003 published by wetterzentrale (www.wetterzentrale.de/topkarten) formed a basis upon which to state the occurrence of different kinds of fronts. Irrespective of kind, the occurrence of a front causes an increase in precipitation totals, while there is a decrease on days without fronts (Table 1). The t-Student test shows that the influence of cold fronts on the precipitation pattern is more important in a warm season than in a cold one, while the effect of warm fronts is greater in a cold season. The highest mean daily precipitation totals along the Polish coast relate to the passage of an occluded front (Tab. 1, Tab. 2). Extreme high totals for precipitation are associated with cold fronts. There are single events with very high totals on days without fronts (Fig. 1) – 27.1 mm was the maximum daily precipitation total (mean for seven stations) recorded for days analyzed in the study. It was noted on September 13th 1999 and was associated with convective rainfall in conditions of a barometric trough. The breakdown of precipitation totals was also studied by size category, with the frequency of occurrence of daily totals within selected size intervals being presented (Fig. 2). The most frequent daily totals were of between 0.01 and 0.50 mm. The probability of moderate precipitation totals (in the 1.01–5.00 range) is higher in the presence of occluded fronts than when warm or cold fronts are passing through. Mean numbers of stations experiencing precipitation as selected fronts pass through were also calculated, as was the frequency of occurrence of precipitation at all stations in days with or without fronts (Figs. 3, 4). L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55624/PDF/WA51_75240_r2009-t81-z1_Przeg-Geogr-Swiatek.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 1 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 1 EP - 119 KW - frontal precipitation KW - Polish Baltic coast KW - t-Student tests A1 - Świątek, Małgorzata PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 107 T1 - Opady frontowe na polskim wybrzeżu Bałtyku = Frontal precipitation along the Polish coast UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55624 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - This paper discusses the post-1930 directions to land-cover changes in the Małe Pieniny Mts. located in the central part of the northern Carpathians. This environmentally homogenous area was divided by the Polish-Slovakian state border after World War I, having previously been also culturally homogenous, with Ruthenians inhabitants living in both northern and southern parts. After World War II, a resettlement of Ruthenians out of the Polish part of the mountains took place. From the 1950s onwards, the Polish part became increasingly important as a sheep-grazing region. In contrast, on the Slovakian side, the area experienced gradual post-war depopulation and an abandonment of agricultural land, the communist-inspired development of industrialization having induced out-migration. While collectivization did take place in Slovakia after World War II, an increase in the area of agricultural land in mountainous regions was impeded by the local environmental conditions. The research conducted based itself upon information on archival 1:100 000-scale topographic maps, a contemporary SPOT 5 (2004) panchromatic image and an SRTM digital elevation model. Three land-cover classes were defined by means of visual interpretation and on-screen digitization, i.e. forests, agricultural land and built-up areas. Analysis for the period 1936–2004 revealed an increase in the area of forest on both the Polish and Slovakian sides, as combined with a decrease in the area of agricultural land. The share of agricultural land decreased from 74% to 44% on the Polish side and from 82% to 54% on the Slovakian. At the same time the share accounted by forests increased from 23% to 54% in Poland and from 16% to 45% in Slovakia. A slight decrease in the built-up area was to be observed on both sides of the border. The annual rate of forest-cover change reached 1.26% in the case of the Polish part, 1.47% for the Slovakian. Although Ruthenians were only resettled out of the Polish part, the directions to long-term land-cover changes were similar on both sides of the border. However, landcover changes triggered by the resettlement action are visibly less dependent on environmental conditions (slope and elevation). Thus, the changes associated with a gradual depopulation in Slovakia, as connected with the abandonment of agricultural land, were of a more selective nature, occurring at higher elevations and on steeper slopes. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55623/PDF/WA51_75229_r2009-t81-z1_Przeg-Geogr-Kaim.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 1 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 1 EP - 106 KW - land use and land cover changes KW - border areas KW - Małe Pieniny Mountains KW - GIS KW - remote sensing A1 - Kaim, Dominik PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 93 T1 - Zmiany pokrycia terenu na pograniczu polsko-słowackim na przykładzie Małych Pienin = Land-cover changes in Polish-Slovakian border regions: a case study of the Małe Pieniny Mts. UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55623 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - This paper presents the results of winter monitoring of ground surface temperature in the alpine zone of the Tatra Mountains, at sites where earlier studies had documented the presence or absence of permafrost. This made it possible to test the usefulness of the BTS method in permafrost mapping, and to take up the discussion on possibilities for its contemporary development. The data obtained reveal that the thermal regime of ground surface beneath snow cover cannot serve as an indicator of permafrost occurrence. The regime is first and foremost connected with snow cover development and may change from year to year. Both places of permafrost occurrence and permafrost-free sites may feature three basic types of ground surface winter thermal regimes, i.e.: (1) short-term ground-surface temperature (i.e. GST) fluctuations throughout the winter, (2) shortterm GST fluctuations at the beginning of winter only, and (3) a lack of short-term GST fluctuation during the whole period of occurrence of dry snow cover. However, places contemporarily maintaining permafrost were markedly colder than others. At the end of winters 2003/04 and 2004/05, temperatures beneath thick snow cover (conventional BTS) were no higher than –5°C, as compared with lowest BTS values of –3°C where permafrost was absent. Snow cover did not protect the ground from freezing, however, according to its thickness and density and the amount of heat in the ground there were decreased amplitudes and extended reaction times of GST to changes in air temperature. Even in the case of snow cover remaining several meters thick for several months, it was possible to record a slow decrease in bottom temperature until a minimum value was reached at the end of winter. In the light of the obtained data, contemporary permafrost in the alpine zone of the Tatra Mountains can be said to develop under both thick and thin snow cover, its existence therefore probably being more related to local circulation of cold air over the surface and low solar irradiation than to altitude and snow cover development. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55622/PDF/WA51_75219_r2009-t81-z1_Przeg-Geogr-Gadek.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 1 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 1 EP - 91 KW - permafrost KW - ground surface tempeature KW - BTS method KW - Tatra Mountains A1 - Gądek, Bogdan A1 - Kędzia, Stanisław PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 75 T1 - Problemy detekcji wieloletniej zmarzliny na podstawie temperatury u spągu zimowej pokrywy śnieżnej na przykładzie Tatr= The problem of permafrost detection based on bottom temperature snow cover – the Tatra Mts. case UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55622 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55621/PDF/WA51_75120_r2009-t81-z1_Przeg-Geogr-Wolski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 1 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 1 EP - 73 KW - dissapearance of human impact KW - depopulated areas KW - multiscale analysis KW - mountain regions of Poland and Europe A1 - Wolski, Jacek PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 47 T1 - Następstwa zaniku antropopresji na obszarach górskich – dyskusja zależności „proces a region” w ujęciu różnoskalowym = Consequences of the disappearance of human impact from mountainous areas – a discussion of “process vs. region” relationships as conceptualized on various scales UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55621 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55620/PDF/WA51_75095_r2009-t81-z1_Przeg-Geogr-Roo-Ziel.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 1 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 1 EP - 46 KW - pine forests KW - Europe KW - Russia KW - phytosociological record KW - soil features KW - geographical relations A1 - Roo-Zielińska, Ewa (1948– ) A1 - Solon, Jerzy A1 - Degórski, Marek PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 5 T1 - Zróżnicowanie borów sosnowych jako efekt uwarunkowań geograficznych i siedliskowych od Holandii do Irkucka (5°91’–104°8’ E) = Differentiation of pine forests as an effect of geographical and habitat conditions from the Netherlands to Irkutsk (5°91’–104°8’ E) UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55620 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55612/PDF/WA51_75373_r2009-t81-z2_Przeg-Geogr-Kronika.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny PY - 2009 IS - 2 EP - 311 KW - Geography PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 303 T1 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 2 (2009), Kronika UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55612 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55610/PDF/WA51_75331_r2009-t81-z2_Przeg-Geogr-Sleszyns.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 2 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 2 EP - 257 KW - Geography A1 - Śleszyński, Przemysław PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 237 T1 - Kongruencja gmin do celów sondaży przedwyborczych = Communities congruity pre-voting poll objective UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55610 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55609/PDF/WA51_75372_r2009-t81-z2_Przeg-Geogr-Recenzje.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny PY - 2009 IS - 2 EP - 301 KW - Geography PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 283 T1 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 2 (2009), Recenzje UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55609 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55608/PDF/WA51_75367_r2009-t81-z2_Przeg-Geogr-Krzemins.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 2 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 2 EP - 281 KW - electoral geography KW - electoral behaviours KW - elections A1 - Krzemiński, Paweł PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 259 T1 - Zachowania wyborcze w wyborach parlamentarnych i prezydenckich w Polsce w latach 2005–2007 – wzory przestrzennych zróżnicowań = Electoral behavior in parliamentary and presidential elections in Poland in 2005–2007 – patterns of spatial diversities UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55608 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55607/PDF/WA51_75307_r2009-t81-z2_Przeg-Geogr-Taylor.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 2 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 2 EP - 236 KW - urban transport KW - transformation period KW - forms of ownership KW - privatization KW - foreign capital KW - geography of enterprises KW - Poland A1 - Taylor, Zbigniew (1946– ) A1 - Ciechański, Ariel PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 205 T1 - Przekształcenia własnościowe przedsiębiorstw transportu miejskiego w Polsce – część II = Ownership transformation of urban-transport companies in Poland – part II UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55607 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55606/PDF/WA51_75281_r2009-t81-z2_Przeg-Geogr-Kowalski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 2 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 2 EP - 203 KW - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth KW - space of power KW - magnate lordship KW - Zamość Entail A1 - Kowalski, Mariusz PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 173 T1 - Państwo magnackie w strukturach polityczno-administracyjnych Rzeczpospolitej Szlacheckiej na przykładzie Ordynacji Zamojskiej = The magnate lordship in the political-administrative system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by the example of Zamość Entail UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55606 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - In the article, the introductory part presents the historical and political conditions behind the development of the Ukrainian national movement. A great influence on that movement’s first appearance was exerted by the Brotherhood of Cyril and Methodius, whose members were Mykola Kostomarov, Pantheleon Kulish and Taras Shevchenko. The political situation in the Austrian province of Galicia and within Ukrainian territories belonging to Russia is then presented, attention being paid to the essential differences exerting a more significant impact on the way views on the future of Ukraine developed. The programmes of the Ukrainian organisations then in existence are presented, along with the views of the leading activists seeking to defend the interests of the Ukrainian people. It is notable how the latter were limited to the formulation of postulates as regards language and culture. Beyond that, one of the first scholars to posit the need for a fully sovereign Ukrainian statehood was Mykola Mikhnovs’kiy, who wrote extensively of the so-called samostiyna Ukraina („self-standing Ukraine”). This is what assures Mikhnovs’kiy’s place back at the outset of the history of Ukrainian geopolitics. It was he who proclaimed the necessity of establishing a sovereign Ukrainian state situated „between the Carpathians and the Caucasus”. Once the work of that scholar has been outlined, the paper goes on to present the views of four consecutive activists and political writers, each dealing with the geopolitical situation of the Ukrainian territories. The developers of the foundations for the new scientific discipline of geopolitics, by taking advantage of the achievements of geography and political science, are seen to be: Stepan Rudnytskyi, Dmytro Dontsov, Volodymyr Kubiyovich’ and Yuriy Lypa. The relevant scientific vitae and achievements in the domain of geopolitics are provided in the paper. Rudnytskyi authored a book on the geography of Ukraine, in which he presented its geopolitical situation with respect to neighbours. At the same time, he formulated the concept of an alliance of countries situated between the Baltic and the Black Sea. Dontsov was in turn a proponent of social and national Darwinism, and was the intellectual father of the ideological direction called „integral Ukrainian nationalism”. His concepts were extremely nationalistic and he glorified the idea of the great Ukrainian state. Another scholar considered among the founders of Ukrainian geopolitics is Kubiyovich’, an outstanding geographer among the promoters of the idea that all the ethnically Ukrainian lands should be incorporated within one nation state (in the so-called sborna Ukraina or united Ukraine). In contrast, Lypa was the author of a consistent doctrine pointing to Ukraine’s status as a Black Sea country. This set him apart from the other Ukrainian geographers and politicians, who saw the future of Ukraine as lying in association with either the East or with the West. Having completed his presentation of and comments on the work of the aforesaid five Ukrainian scholars, the author concludes by suggesting that their scholarly achievements are an original and interesting, as well as creative, contribution to the domain of geopolitics as broadly conceived. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55605/PDF/WA51_75262_r2009-t81-z2_Przeg-Geogr-Eberhard.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 2 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 2 EP - 171 KW - Ukraine KW - geopolitics KW - Ukrainian geopoliticians A1 - Eberhardt, Piotr (1935–2020) PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 145 T1 - Twórcy ukraińskiej geopolityki = The founders of the Ukrainian geopolitics UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55605 ER - TY - GEN PB - IGiPZ PAN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55595/PDF/WA51_75418_r2009-t81-z3_Przeg-Geogr-Kronika.pdf M3 - Text VL - 81 CY - Warszawa PY - 2009 IS - 3 EP - 440 KW - Geography SP - 437 T1 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 3 (2009), Kronika UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55595 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55594/PDF/WA51_75417_r2009-t81-z3_Przeg-Geogr-Recenzje.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny PY - 2009 IS - 3 EP - 435 KW - Geography PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 433 T1 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 3 (2009), Recenzje UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55594 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The Wywierzysko Goryczkowe karst system has been the subject of numerous studies, and it was this extensive literature dating back to the 1960s, the 1980s and the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century that gave rise to a question regarding the role played in the development of the Wywierzysko Goryczkowe karst system by the last (Würm) Glaciation. The answer to this and other questions was sought via a reconstruction of glacial dynamic that, built on a previously agreed reconstruction of the geometry of the Sucha Woda glacier. The key here was an estimation of the amount of meltwater following the maximum extent of the glacier noted some 21–19 ka BP. The maximum coincided with the most marked Würm Glaciation cooling, this period usually being associated with deteriorating weather conditions, i.e. a decline in air temperature, lower rainfall (not exceeding 500 mm a–1 at the time) and consequently more limited ablation). During the period of maximum coverage to the likely speed of movement was of c. 14 ma–1. The movement at an altitude of 1600 m a.s.l. was thus of a little over 2 million m3a–1 of snow and ice. Taking into account the volume of snow and ice, rainfall, and the speed of the glacier, the volume of meltwater is deemed to have exceeded 105 k m3d–1. As the total volume of the glacier is an estimated 1.4 billion m3, this volume of meltwater seems relatively small. To better illustrate theissue, the author compared contemporary outflow with that during the glaciation. The outflow of water from the Sucha Woda Valley is currently 66.9 k m3d–1, though it needs to be noted that only 37% of rainwater leaves the basin at the outlet of the Tatra Mountains, the vast majority feeding the Wywierzysko Goryczkowe and Olczyskie karst system. The volume of the Wywierzysko Goryczkowe karst systemis 2.1 million m3 according to the Mangin method, making this the largest local aquifer in the Tatra Mountains. During the period of maximum glaciation prevailing climatic conditions did not facilitate the free flow of water in the glacier, which represented a natural barrier to the flow of meltwater, while a major role in the circulation of water was played by the varied relief of the Stawy Gąsienicowe Valley. In tension areas especially, deep crevices allow water to penetrate into the interior, and then to supply the ground. However, most meltwater would have flowed on the surface of the glacier. It would therefore appear that the reconstructed volume of meltwater might have had a limited role in shaping the environment in the Wywierzysko Goryczkowe karst system during the time of the valley-glaciation maximum. The author assumes that the subsequent period of glacier recession, and above all the unveiling of the sinkholes area at Hala Gąsienicowa, allowed for more free penetration of water into the karst system, probably during the early stage of permafrost formation. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55593/PDF/WA51_75416_r2009-t81-z3_Przeg-Geogr-Bytomski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 3 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 3 EP - 431 KW - glaciaton KW - karst relief KW - glacier waters KW - Tatra Mountains A1 - Bytomski, Tomasz PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 419 T1 - Rola ostatniego zlodowacenia w ukształtowaniu systemu krasowego Wywierzyska Goryczkowego w Tatrach = The role of the last glaciation in shaping the Wywierzysko Goryczkowe karst system in the Tatra Mts. UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55593 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Heavy downpours and flash floods accelerate the denudation of slopes, as well as erosion, and hence accumulation in the bottoms of valleys (Słupik, 1981; Starkel, 1996; Gil, 1998). However, the geomorphological impact depends less on the amount and duration of falls of rain, and more on intensity and spatial extent. The intensity of mass movements and floods also depends on relief, the type and thickness of soil, the lithology and tectonic history of rocks, which together determine infiltration rates and runoff. An important role in triggering mass movements is also played by human activity (land use, terracing and the undercutting of slopes). This paper presents the role of short-duration downpours occurring in the July of 1997 and 2008 where the shaping of the Jaszcze and Jamne valleys in the Gorce Mountains is concerned. The narrow valley of the Jaszcze has very steep slopes and is covered by dense patches of forest. In contrast, the Jamne Valley with its predominantly gentle slopes has been largely deforested. At higher elevations, the Jaszcze catchment has a prevalence of meadows and pastures that contrasts with the dominant arable land lower down. The Jamne catchment in turn has meadows and pastures of its own, plus arable fields reaching altitudes of 1100 m a.s.l. (Obrębska-Starklowa, 1970). Following the rainfall of July 1997, it proved possible to register 85 new superficial landslides on air photos (55 in the Jaszcze Valley and 30 in the Jamne Valley), these covering a total area of c. 29,700 m2. Among dominant forms were slumps and mudflows of loamy-sandy regolith, created mainly on steep, grass-covered slopes (≥20°), on the edges of field terraces and on the colluvium of old landslides. A flood of 23 July 2008 was also connected with a heavy downpour, daily rainfall that day reaching 76.3 mm at the river outlet. The highest level in the Jaszcze and Jamne was noted at about 17.00. The most marked changes characterised the Jamne channel, this reflecting its more limited forest cover and the higher density of the river network. Lateral erosion prevailed over downcutting, causing the reactivation of old undercuts and the development of new ones, the height reaching 3.5 m. Boulders up to 25 cm in size were transported, and the deposition of debris followed. Older gravel bars were cut and new ones built up. Only a few small earth slumps appeared on the slopes, and these were never in forest. A map showing the potential susceptibility of the Jaszcze and Jamne catchments was prepared on the basis of field data and a statistical analysis, using the landslide index method (Van Westen, 1994). While the greatest geomorphological effects of rainfall are to be noted in stream channels, the transformation of slopes by mass movements is less remarkable. However superficial landslides are characteristic of deforested slopes covered by a thin loamy regolith over flysch sandstones and shales. GIS analysis and field observations make it clear that the geological structure deeper down does not play an important role in triggering of superficial landslides. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55592/PDF/WA51_75415_r2009-t81-z3_Przeg-Geogr-Bucala.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 3 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 3 EP - 418 KW - shortlived downpours KW - mass movements KW - valley processes KW - Gorce Mountains A1 - Bucała, Anna PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 399 T1 - Rola opadów nawalnych w kształtowaniu stoków i koryt w Gorcach na przykładzie zlewni potoków Jaszcze i Jamne = The role of shortlived downpours in shaping slopes and valley bottoms in the Gorce Mountains (as exemplified by the Jaszcze and Jamne catchments) UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55592 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55591/PDF/WA51_75414_r2009-t81-z3_Przeg-Geogr-Bakowska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 3 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 3 EP - 397 KW - bioclimatology KW - bioclimatic indices KW - thermal sensation KW - Kołobrzeg KW - daily regime KW - air masses A1 - Bąkowska, Monika PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 373 T1 - Zmienność przebiegu dobowego wybranych wskaźników bioklimatycznych w Kołobrzegu w okresie letnim w latach 1981–1990 = Variability of daily course of selected bioclimatic indices in Kołobrzeg during summer-season over the period 1981–1990 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55591 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - An analysis of hydrographic maps at the scale 1:50 000 offered a basis for the inventorying of crenological features in the basin of the Odra (Oder). A total of 393 map sheets were produced to cover the whole area, with 159 of these including the studied features. The data obtained originate from fieldwork or mapping carried out in the years 1998–2005. In total, some 2611 objects were recorded, most of these being perennial springs (1309), followed by seaps (568), marshes (336), perennial springs fitted with intakes (129), groups of springs (111), ephemeral springs (87), mineral springs (66) and observed springs (5). On the basis of the outputs of individual objects the total discharge has been estimated at 1.645 cubic meters per second, or one comparable with the mean annual discharge of such rivers as the Lutynia, Mogilnica and Ołobok. Moreover, two maps have been compiled: to present the number of crenological features on respective sheets, and to illustrate the summed output on these sheets. From the poin of view of the number of features a clear difference between mountain areas and lowlands can be discerned, though this is smaller when output is taken account of. The most prolific springs reach outputs of c. 50 l per second, while only around a dozen exceed 20. The sum for the 10 most major springs accounts for as much as 23% of the total output calculated for all the studied crenological features. It should be noted that as many as 76% of all features are of very low output, i.e. less than 0.5 liters per second. The inventory of springs generated would seem to be of value, since it makes it possible to record future changes in the number and output of crenological objects over a large area. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55590/PDF/WA51_75410_r2009-t81-z3_Przeg-Geogr-Choinski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 3 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 3 EP - 372 KW - crenological features KW - Odra basin KW - number and output A1 - Choiński, Adam A1 - Ptak, Mariusz PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 365 T1 - Obiekty krenologiczne dorzecza Odry = Crenological features in the Odra Basin UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55590 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - This paper has sought to point to past-present differences in the nature and spatial distribution of plant communities, as well as to determine the general directions to the environmental transformations taking place along the Middle Vistula Valley. The research has concerned the 50-year period 1949-2001, with changes registered cartographically. At the landscape level, vegetation together with relief, water and soil conditions is a major deciding factor where the shaping of the environment is concerned. Vegetation offers direct indication as regards present-day landscape structure, as well as the most sensitive indication of both system dynamics and changes in the landscape, be these either natural or anthropogenic. Modifications of vegetation usually represent the first signs of environmental change. For these reasons, a knowledge and understanding of the factors and processes leading to the present state of vegetation provide for a determination of the potential effects of planned activities, and their influence on the natural environment. Over 35% of the area was found to have experienced changes in vegetation, though these changes varied in character and intensity from one part of the valley to another. Above all, however, the results of the analysis reflected changes in practices as regards agricultural land-use, this being particularly visible in the way that the area of segetal communities has declined markedly, in the wake of increases in the area of grassland, forest and scrub. Grassland communities themselves manifested two opposing directions to changes: on the one hand an intensification of meadow and pastures use leading to the decline or even disappearance of extensively-used meadows, and on the other the overgrowth of many abandoned grasslands by shrubs and trees. Similar processes have in fact been observed in other parts of Poland too (Herbich, 1994; Kucharski, 1999, 2000). Further detected changes in plant communities are indicative of a lowering of the water level or a change in the horizontal movement of water. The processes ongoing entail an evolution from communities with a high (or fluctuating) water level, often with stagnant water (e.g. Carex meadows, Molinia meadows and alder carr) to those characteristic of less moist habitats or those with running water (Arrhenatherum or Caltha meadows, ash-alder forests and ultimately oak-lime-hornbeam forest). This type of change has mostly been brought about by agricultural drainage. Other important processes observed in the valley as a whole entailed changes in aquatic habitats leading to the aggradation and overgrowth of river-channels and bodies of water. Indeed, the area encompassed by waters actually decreased by more than 32% during the study period. Aggradation of river-beds resulted from current concentration (via hydro-engineering construction) and the intensified accumulation of sediment. Overgrowth in bodies of water (mainly ox-bow lakes) in turn reflected embankment construction limiting the influence of flooding. There was a general increase in anthropisation of the landscape, though in some parts of the valley (e.g. the Wilga area) it was restoration processes that dominated - mainly due to land-cover changes, but also to modifications in plant communities that did not change their overall character (in that land-use forms remained the same), but did lead to changes as regards both structure and biodiversity. These changes above all involved the evolution of meadows into other grassland types subject to more intensive use, or else processes of degeneration in forests. The increasing anthropisation of vegetation was also a product of increases in the areas covered by ruderal vegetation or orchards. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55589/PDF/WA51_75399_r2009-t81-z3_Przeg-Geogr-Kowalska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 3 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 3 EP - 364 KW - Middle Vistula Valley KW - historical analyses KW - changes of vegetation KW - land use KW - numerical vegetation maps A1 - Kowalska, Anna PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 347 T1 - Zmiany charakteru i rozmieszczenia zbiorowisk roślinnych w dolinie środkowej Wisły w drugiej połowie XX wieku (odcinek Annopol–Góra Kalwaria) = Changes in the nature and spatial distribution of plant communities in the Middle Vistula Valley in the second half of the 20th century (as exemplified by the stretch of river between Annopol and Góra Kalwaria) UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55589 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55579/PDF/WA51_75459_r2009-t81-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Recenzje.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny PY - 2009 IS - 4 EP - 605 KW - Geography PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 585 T1 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 4 (2009), Recenzje UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55579 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55578/PDF/WA51_75457_r2009-t81-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Sleszyn2.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 4 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 4 EP - 583 KW - spatial information KW - tools KW - territorial observatory A1 - Śleszyński, Przemysław PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 579 T1 - Observatoire des territoires jako narzędzie analiz informacji przestrzennej UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55578 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55577/PDF/WA51_75456_r2009-t81-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Sleszyn1.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 4 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 4 EP - 578 KW - bibliometry KW - citations analysis KW - Google Scholar KW - search engines KW - geographical journals KW - history of geography A1 - Śleszyński, Przemysław PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 551 T1 - Pozycja polskich czasopism i serii geograficznych w świetle baz Google Scholar = The position of Polish geographical journals and series as seen in the Google Scholar databases UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55577 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - This paper presenting the geopolitical achievements of well-known German geographer Karl Haushofer begins with a summary of Haushofer’s life and major achievements in politics and research. While the subject’s contacts with Hitler are recalled, it is stressed that – notwithstanding his opinions regarding nationalistm and superpower status – Haushofer acceptedneither Nazism nor anti-Semitism. The article goes on to present the main geopolitical concepts of its subject, of which the first concerned the new order (neue Ordnung), an advocation of major changes in Germany, not least in respect of a revised Treaty of Versailles. While these opinions from Haushofer were nothing more (lacking a scientific basis), they did initiate important political processes in Germany. The second concept discussed concerns world Pan-regions, as construed in relation to history, geography and philosophy, with a view to the world being divided into large territorial units both politically and geographically based. One of t Haushofer’s best-known definitions has world reduced to just the Pan-European, Pan-American, Pan-Russian and Pan-Pacific regions. Pan-Europe is (naturally) within the German zone of influence, with its capital in Berlin. It extends across Europe (excluding Russia, Ukraine and Byelorussia), as well as throughout Africa and the Middle East as broadly conceived. The Pan-Russian region in turn consists of the European part of Russia plus Byelorussia and Ukraine, western and eastern Siberia, Iran, Afghanistan and the whole Indian peninsula. The Pan-Pacific region was based on China with Tibet and Mongolia, the Russian Far East, South-Eastern Asia, Australia and New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. The whole of that area was regarded as under the influence of Japan, leaving the Pan-American continent as supposedly dependent on the United States. The third analysed concept was a project for a so-called geopolitical “triangle”, which had a clearly political character and was created in 1940 as a reflection of the political pact between Germany, Italy and Japan. Haushofer sought to analysing the political and territorial consequences of this pact. One of the most important Haushofer concepts was the idea of the Euro-Asiatic Continental Block (Die Kontinentalblock Mitteleuropa–Eurasien–Japan). This was based on the geopolitical pact between Berlin, Moscow and Tokyo. The project was put into effect between August 1939 and December 1940, before finally being buried with Germany’s invasion of the USSR. This concept in fact referred to the well-known Mackinder ‘Heartland’ theory, and anticipated a future confrontation between land and maritime superpowers. A further part of the text focuses on Haushofer’s views of Poland, which were both critical and hostile, and hence in line with its author’s strong support for the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact that liquidated the Polish state. This paper concludes with an analysis of Haushofer’s scientific works and his outlook on the world. Though opposing Hitler during the last phase of World War II, Haushofer was nevertheless representative of extreme nationalism. However, if the political opinions can be put to one side, it is possible to note the major contribution made by Haushofer’s works to the development of political geography. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55576/PDF/WA51_75452_r2009-t81-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Eberhard.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 4 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 4 EP - 549 KW - Karl Haushofer KW - Germany KW - geopolitics A1 - Eberhardt, Piotr (1935–2020) PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 527 T1 - Koncepcje geopolityczne Karla Haushofera = The Geopolitical concepts of Karl Haushofer UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55576 ER -