TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/42804/PDF/WA51_60488_r2013-t24_EuropaXXI-Biosca.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 24 (2013) PY - 2013 EP - 17 KW - transport accessibility KW - accessibility indicators KW - Europe A1 - Biosca, Oriol A1 - Spiekermann, Klaus A1 - Stępniak, Marcin PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 24 CY - Warszawa SP - 5 T1 - Transport accessibility at regional scale UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/42804 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 138 pp ; 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/4589/PDF/WA51_18032_r2011-vol84-no2_Geogr-Polonica-Czyz.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 84 No. 2 (2011) PY - 2011 IS - 2 EP - 17 KW - urban agglomerations KW - metropolitan areas KW - functions KW - international linkages A1 - Czyż, Teresa PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 84 CY - Warszawa SP - 5 T1 - Conceptions of an urban agglomeration and a metropolitan area in Poland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/4589 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - Accessibility is widely used term and plays an important role in many scientific fields. It determines the advantage of one location over the other. Although there are different measures and number of studies on accessibility in the world literature, there are relatively few so far in Poland at the national level. The purpose of this article is to present some results of ongoing research that have been carried out at the IGSO PAS in 2007 and 2008. The projects led to development of methods of calculating time accessibility and the multimodal potential accessibility indicator of the area of Poland. The time accessibility is measured by using the isochronic-based and distance-based accessibility measures. The multimodal potential accessibility indicator is meant to be utilized, for evaluating the possible effects of construction and modernization of the transport network that are envisaged in the EU supported operational programs. The measure may be calculated separately for carriage of goods and passengers, the 16 voivodships (provinces of Poland) and four modes of transport (road, railways, inland waterways and air). L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55782/PDF/WA51_75815_r2010-t21_EuropaXXI-Komornicki.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 21 (2010) PY - 2010 EP - 17 KW - multimodal accessibility KW - potential KW - transport infrastructure KW - Poland A1 - Komornicki, Tomasz A1 - Rosik, Piotr A1 - Śleszyński, Przemysław A1 - Pomianowski, Wojciech PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 21 CY - Warszawa SP - 7 T1 - How can we measure spatial accessibility of the territory of Poland? UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55782 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The analysis of the Scopus bibliographic database indicates a doubling of the frequency of use of the term land degradation in scientific articles from 302 to 658 times between 2010 and 2018. Most often it was used in publications in the fields of environmental, agricultural, biological, social and earth sciences, respectively. The growing interest in land degradation reflects expected population growth and the consequent increasing pressure on the natural environment on a global scale, with it at the same time being difficult to predict the effects of extreme events due to climate change. The purpose of the article is to review the definition of land degradation from the point of view of various scientific disciplines, and to draw attention to the methods of identification and assessment of land degradation, as well as research perspectives. The review of definitions indicates that land degradation is a complex concept lacking a single identifying feature. It describes how natural resources (soil, water, vegetation, rocks, air and topography) are depleted or experience a lowering in quality. Although a precise definition of the concept of degradation is not possible, due to the existence of many factors responsible for it, land degradation is by definition not merely an environmental problem, but also a social once. The diverse range of land degradation concepts results in difficulties with the development of methodology and the supply of comparable information. The choice of identification method and degradation assessment, next to the purpose of the study, depends on the latter’s spatial scale. At detailed scales, over areas of up to approx. 100 km2 (e.g. a small catchment), expert knowledge is most often used in conjunction with field survey and the analysis of cartographic and remote-sensing data. In the assessment of land degradation on a medium scale (that of a region or country), a desertification and land-use analysis developed for the Mediterranean region – MEDALUS (Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use) is often used. It takes into account the values of several physical variables, including climate characteristics, soil features, vegetation and anthropogenic factors, including land use with the forms of environmental protection. MEDALUS is a stable degradation assessment procedure, verified in many European countries, including Central Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, as well as China’s subtropical zone. Only four approaches have so far been used to assess degradation on a global scale. All studies were based on proxy data in the form of degradation indicators derived from expert studies at various scales, satellite observations, biophysical models and the inventorying of abandoned farmland. The presented definitions, research methods and results of studies on degradation indicate that there are still serious deficiencies with the identification of degradation factors and the study of their interactions, especially at regional and national levels. The gathering together of many local expert studies into unified databases should facilitate transition to analysis at the level of large physico-geographical regions and countries. In this context, the possibility of an assessment of land degradation being combined with one relating to the provisioning of ecosystem services would seem particularly interesting. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/125078/PDF/WA51_157107_r2020-t92-nr1_Przeg-Geogr-Prokop.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 92 z. 1 (2020) PY - 2020 IS - 1 EP - 17 KW - natural environment KW - degradation KW - desertification KW - deforestration KW - population A1 - Prokop, Paweł. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 92 CY - Warszawa SP - 5 T1 - Degradacja powierzchni ziemi – zakres terminologiczny, metody oceny i perspektywy badań = Land degradation – definitions, methods and research perspectives UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/125078 ER -