TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/29012/PDF/WA51_46819_r2013-t86-no1_G-Polonica-Novak.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 1 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 1 EP - 28 KW - UTCI KW - thermal comfort/discomfort KW - biometeorological indices KW - bioweather forecast A1 - Novak, Martin PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Use of the UTCI in the Czech Republic UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/29012 ER - TY - GEN N1 - s. 11-64 L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/31082/PDF/WA51_50257_r2012-t22_EuropaXXI-Cotella-Ce.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 22 (2012) PY - 2012 EP - 36 KW - spatial planning KW - EU enlargement KW - euopeanization KW - knowledge KW - discursive integration KW - territorial cohesion KW - Central-Eastern Europe A1 - Cotella, Giancarlo PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 22 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Central and Eastern European Actors in the European Spatial Planning Debate. Time to Make a Difference? UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/31082 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The aim of this article is to present the significance of higher education for changes in the Polish countryside. These transformation are – directly or indirectly – related to changes assigned to the value of education, as well as to structural changes in the entire system of higher education in Poland. Popularization and greater accessibility to higher education has undoubtedly affected rural youth and rural areas themselves. As a consequence, the areas that until recently had been marginalised were given an opportunity to 'catch up' in terms of educational and civilization progress. It was all possible certainly not only due to institutional changes in education system but also as a result of changes in the mentality of rural inhabitants, opening to new cultural trends and values – and last but not least – substantial aid from the European Union targeted at rural areas. The countryside has undoubtedly used this opportunity. Owing to a student-oriented broad opening of higher education institutions, youth has been given a chance to acquire their dream qualifications and higher education. The risk of unemployment has also been minimised. It is the young people of rural areas that became the most important beneficiaries as they were given an opportunity to develop, fulfil their ambitions and improve their qualifications. Although young people of rural areas still regard education as a means of social advancement, such dissemination brought them education in an unprecedented scale, while rural areas were given an opportunity to rebuild their elites. Among the negative consequences of these processes are more intense bonds with the town (through employment or residence), which are replacing the existing bonds with the countryside. The situation described may in fact be of dysfunctional nature for rural areas. It is true that an increasing number of people with higher education can be found in rural areas, yet most of them have a limited contact with rurality. Another negative function of higher education is that it shapes life and professional aspirations outside agriculture and encourages young people to leave rural areas. Higher education contributes indirectly to the unwillingness of rural youth to return to the countryside. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58063/PDF/WA51_78039_r2015-t40_SOW-Wasielewski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 33 KW - functions of universities KW - higher education KW - popularization of education KW - rural areas KW - value of education A1 - Wasielewski, Krzysztof PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Funkcje szkolnictwa wyższego dla obszarów wiejskich – wybrane zagadnieniaz perspektywy socjologa = Functions of higher education for rural areas - selected issues from a sociological point of view UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58063 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The article is focused on the introduction and categorization of various approaches to rurality, and the identification and delimitation of rural areas in Visegrad countries. Three substantively different groups of conceptualizations and definitions of rural and rurality are described as follows: functional definitions, rural as locality (political-economic approaches), and social representation. Latter, basic sorts of methods and approaches to the delimitation of rural areas in V4 countries are introduced emphasizing its historical development, differences in spatial level and criteria of delimitation in current research. Due to different nature of rural areas and even local administrative units (the basic units usually used for delimitation of rural areas), it is not possible to reach sufficient and reliable identification of rural areas for whole V4 area using any of criteria or definitions applied in the research at national levels. Therefore, the average population density of entire V4 area was used as a main criterion for distinguishing between urban and rural LAU 2 at the whole Visegrad area level. Such approach is also affected by generalization but it captures various conditions in each country relatively well and moreover, it is comparable with the OECD and European Union methods to some extent. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/56663/PDF/WA51_76966_r2015-t39_SOW-Novotny1.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Post-agricultural rural space of the Visegrad countries: economies, entrepreneurship and policies J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 39 PY - 2015 EP - 34 KW - rurality KW - rural areas KW - Visegrad countries KW - population density KW - local administrative units A1 - Novotný, Ladislav A1 - Mazur, Marcin (1982– ) A1 - Hruška, Vladan A1 - Egedy, Tamás PB - IGiPZ PAN PB - PTG VL - 39 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Defining rural areas of Visegrad countries UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/56663 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - This paper discusses the cloud cover and its relation to atmospheric circulation over Spitsbergen during 1983-2015. It focuses on monthly and seasonal cloud covers and on the frequency of days with specific cloud cover (cloudless, clear, cloudy and completely overcast sky) and their relation to various circulation types. In the research period the cloud cover characteristics were differentiated over the island on both monthly and seasonal scales, and they strongly depended on the direction of air advection. The highest mean daily cloud cover was reported for circulation types with air advection from the south (S+SWc and S+SWa). The greatest variation in the cloud cover distribution was observed during the polar night (at Svalbard Lufthavn and Ny-Ålesund) or in the autumn (Hornsund). The long-term variability in the cloud cover significantly depends on the frequency of N+NEa type (negative correlation) and on S+SWc and W+NWc and Cc+Bc types (positive correlation), particularly in sprin L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/61908/PDF/WA51_81557_r2017-t90-no1_G-Polonica-Lupikasza.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 90 No. 1 (2017) PY - 2017 IS - 1 EP - 38 KW - cloud cover KW - atmospheric circulation KW - Spitsbergen KW - Arctic A1 - Łupikasza, Ewa A1 - Lipiński, Oskar PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 90 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Cloud cover over Spitsbergen and its relation to atmospheric circulation (1983-2015) UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/61908 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The study attempts to evaluate the local factors which create pro-environmental functions (independent of external support) of rural areas. The assessment was based on statistical data (2004–2014) published by the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The national sustainable development indicators at the level of counties were analyzed, including indicators of environmental domain and selected indicators of domain such as: social, economic, institutional and political. The graphical presentation of the data enabled the spatial location of Polish counties on a map which may have a higher potential in the creation of pro-environmental functions. Choropleth maps included in the study are based on the visualization tool available in the Central Statistical Office's Application – Indicators for Sustainable Development – local module. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/63447/PDF/WA51_83176_r2017-t45_SOW-Bankowska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 45 PY - 2017 EP - 41 KW - functions of rural areas KW - pro-environmental activities KW - sustainable development A1 - Bańkowska, Katarzyna PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 45 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Endogeniczny potencjał kreacji prośrodowiskowych funkcji obszarów wiejskich – próba oceny w oparciu o bazę Wskaźników Zrównoważonego Rozwoju GUS =Endogenous potential for creating pro-environmental functions of rural areas – an evaluation attempt based on the CSO's Sustainable Development Indicators database UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/63447 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - The essence of the research problem stems from the observed dichotomy between names given to voivodships (provinces) as a result of administrative reform of 1999 and traditional names of historical regions. The paper examines the issue of territorial uncertainty of Podlasie, a historical and cultural region situated in eastern Poland. Such uncertainty has been observed in terms of inhabitants’ territorial identity expressed via names given to regional companies, institutions and media confronted with historical borders of the region. The recent Poland’s administrative reform of 1999 has contributed to discrepancy in perceiving the region of Podlasie and has resulted in its pronounced identification with the Podlaskie Voivodship. Spatial analysis concerning distribution of companies and institutions, whose names refer to this region conducted for the years 1983-2013 has proven that Podlasie is increasingly identified with contemporary Podlaskie Voivodship. On the other hand, names of regional media reveal stronger regional identification with Podlasie within its historical borders rather than contemporary Podlaskie Voivodship. Current administrative division contributes to developing new territorial identity or changing the spatial range of territory inhabitants identify themselves. Moreover, this process also potentially leads to the deepening of territorial uncertainty within society and may result in weakening people’s attachment to the place of living and community’s social bonds. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/65096/PDF/WA51_84286_r2017-t33_Europa-XXI-Konopski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 33 (2017) PY - 2017 EP - 31 KW - Podlasie KW - Podlaskie Voivodeship KW - territorial uncertainity KW - regional identity KW - administrative division KW - names of institutions and companies KW - regional media A1 - Konopski, Michał PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 33 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Territorial uncertainty of Podlasie region. Regional identity vs. administrative division UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/65096 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The study discusses the sphere of rural areas’ collective image with the purpose of preserving spatial order of countryside. Polish rural areas are affected by the post-1990 transformation. The development of non-agricultural management and use is accompanied by the phenomena of spatial disintegration, disappearance of local landscape features along with increase of ecological and social risks. Hence, it is necessary to search for integrated methods and innovative tools to support and restore sustainability, coherence and diversity. Conclusions are based on a review of research. It has been pointed out that a development vision common to the local community determines shaping spatial order in a given territory. It is constructed by the means of mediation process. Its foundations were searched for in the approaches of rurality in the field of rural sociology and humanistic geography. Subsequently, the role of participation in spatial decision-making and the role of landscape impact in shaping the image of the territory were shown. The gathered arguments led to the conclusion that a development vision may arise in the process of participatory landscape management. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/65998/PDF/WA51_85006_r2017-t48_SOW-Gorka.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 48 PY - 2017 EP - 30 KW - rurality KW - rural landscape KW - participation KW - management of space A1 - Górka, Anna PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 48 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Krajobraz wiejski jako projekt zbiorowy = Rural landscape as a collective project UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/65998 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - The implementation of economic reforms at national and local level by the government of Cuba would have direct and roundabout impacts on the natural environment of the Island. It will also change irreversibly its environment as well as perception of this country as an “environmental paradise “. We will approach the subject based on our observations made during a field study, in 2012 in Cuba. The objective is to discuss the environmental impacts that may be caused by the invigoration of economic activity, together with the liberalization of certain commercial and productive activities on the Island. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/63685/PDF/WA51_83103_r2017-t32_Europa-XXI-Dembicz.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 32 (2017) PY - 2017 EP - 36 KW - Cuba KW - environmental changes KW - economic transformation KW - economic liberty A1 - Dembicz, Katarzyna A1 - Barboza Lizano, Oscar PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 32 CY - Warsaw SP - 21 T1 - Environmental Cuba versus economic transformation UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/63685 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The aim of this article is to examine the development of transport infrastructure (modernisation of railway tracks and development of the motorway and expressway network) and its possible effects on regional development in Slovakia. Accessible transport infrastructure (mainly the motorway network) has influenced many decisions concerning the location of industrial investments. The impact of transport infrastructure on the reduction of regional disparities in Slovakia is limited mainly due to the concentration of transport infrastructure investment in the more developed regions of Slovakia. Poorer regions in eastern Slovakia and the southern part of Central Slovakia are still affected by the unfavourable level of accessibility to the transport infrastructure that creates important conditions affecting their development. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/53295/PDF/WA51_72313_r2015-t88-no1_G-Polonica-Michniak.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 88 No. 1 (2015) PY - 2015 IS - 1 EP - 39 KW - transport infrastructure development KW - regional development KW - travel time KW - industrial investmentlocation KW - regional disparities KW - regional structure KW - Slovakia A1 - Michniak, Daniel PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 88 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Main problems of transport infrastructure development in Slovakia and effects on regional development UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/53295 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - In some European countries, sub-national regions are important geographical arenas for spatial planning. However, in Sweden, statutory regional planning is rather limited and the regional level is often described as having a weak position in the spatial planning system. In this article, we investigate territorial governance practices in two Swedish regions, with a focus on their interaction with the EU and the national level, and with the local level, as well as how these regions function as organisations and arenas for coordination of different policy fields. The study is based on semi-structured expert interviews and document analysis. The results show that spatial planning is practised both through statutory planning and soft planning approaches, and that these practices in different ways coordinate sectoral policies i.e. transport infrastructure and regional development. Both cases also illustrate difficulties not only of external coordination between different institutions and policy fields but also internally within organisations. It is also highlighted that spatial planning at the regional level focuses on coordinating actors and policy fields but that spatial planning is also an instrument to implement regional policies. In conclusion, it is argued that the organisation and territorial governance practices within a given institutional arrangement and the perception of spatial planning are crucial in determining how regions might function as multi-level coordination actors and policy arenas within spatial planning. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/72530/PDF/WA51_94561_r2018-t35_EuropaXXI-Smas.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 35 (2018) PY - 2018 EP - 36 KW - multi-level coordination KW - policy fields KW - regions KW - spatial planning KW - territorial governance A1 - Smas, Lukas. Autor A1 - Lidmo, Johannes. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 35 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Organising regions: spatial planning and territorial governance practices in two Swedish regions UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/72530 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The development of the Internet drove significant changes in the social and economic functioning of people and spatial units. In the case of geography, the Internet changed its nature as a science about space, by expanding on the available topics and methods of study by which geographers come to know the world. New possibilities were a result, though also challenges, above all in relation to the role in geographical research played by the Internet and digital space (data generated through the use of the Internet). Major developments to the World Wide Web and to the Internet as a whole, as well as new solutions made possible by the latter’s creation combine with phenomena subject to scientific analysis to leave as insufficient previous state-of-the-art research methods in the field of Internet geography. The aim of this article is therefore to identify the main problems with research in digital space. Emphasis is put on relationships between real and digital space from the two complementary perspectives of digital space as a source of information about real space for research and of digital space as the subject of research. Explored first is the way in which digital space furnishes data upon which descriptions of real space can be based. An attempt is then made to discover the nature of digital space in its spatial aspects, with the relationship between digital and real space determined. A literature review further serves as the basis for the presentation of four research topics relating to the geography of the Internet, i.e. digital-divide analysis, issues of the management of socio-economic processes, cyber-balkanisation, and the relationships between real and digital spaces. The digital divide relates to access or skills, as well as to individual motivations and socio-cultural preferences, which can also be observed in the different ways people use the Internet. The digital divide is subject to constant change amid the rapid development of the Internet and the increasing importance of the Web in everyday life. Growing interest in concepts relating to the functionality of various areas in so-called smart cities and smart rural areas arises out of issues of spatial management. Cyber-balkanisation in turn constitutes a fragmentation of the Internet more and more manifested by users as they have increased control over online content. The final research topic, concerned with the relationships between real and digital spaces, is crucial to an understanding of the Internet’s role in geography. The presented areas of research on the Internet and digital space, as well as the research directions referred to, should be treated as a starting point for a broader discussion. In the case of analyses of Internet geography, it is essential for basic terms to be determined and defined. Also of importance is a general determination of the role and importance of the Internet in geography. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/76536/PDF/WA51_98269_r2019-t91-z2_Przeg-Geogr-Janc.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 91 z. 2 (2019) PY - 2019 IS - 2 EP - 37 KW - internet KW - digital space KW - geography A1 - Janc, Krzysztof. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 91 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Przestrzeń cyfrowa i internet jako przedmiot zainteresowań w badaniach geograficznych = Digital space and the Internet as the subject of interest of geographical research UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/76536 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Village renewal is currently being more and more highlighted as an element of ruralspace changes, both in terms of practical and theoretical context. The way the village renewal has changed was conditioned by changing approaches to rural areas development. At the same time, the role of local resources in rural development concepts has been different and changed according to the concepts. The above-mentioned are overlaid by the issue of the use of local resources in village renewal actions. That issue has also been dynamic in the history of village renewal. There is no doubt that those three subjects (village renewal, rural development and local resources), strongly correspond to each other. We have decided to undertake the description of these relations in order to systematise the state of art in the common ground for these three issues. The main aim of the paper wasto present the embeddedness of village renewal in rural development paradigms, partly in regional/local development paradigms, and in other scientific concepts, as well as to present the role of local resources in village renewal processes over the years. The paper, based on literature review, is theoretical and open to further debate. The considerations included in the paper indicate that village renewal bases on local resources and simultaneously strengthens them. Local resources are recognised as key in regional/local development. In the light of current scientific concepts, it is a local community who shall decide about the utilisation of these resources, which could use external instruments for this purpose. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/62008/PDF/WA51_81596_r2016-t44_SOW-Wolski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 44 PY - 2016 EP - 38 KW - local resources KW - village renewal KW - rural areas development KW - concepts of rural areas development A1 - Wolski, Oskar A1 - Sykała, Łukasz PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 44 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Zasoby lokalne, odnowa wsi i koncepcje rozwoju obszarów wiejskich. Próba teoretycznego ujęcia zależności = Local resources, village renewal and rural development concepts. An attempt to theoretical view on relations UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/62008 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The analysis concerned the variability of daily precipitation totals observed during the second half of the 20th century at five stations in Poland. The elements examined were number of days with precipitation exceeding given thresholds, lengths of wet and dry spells and precipitation amounts in a single spell. There is an upward trend for the number of spells and days with precipitation, and a downward trend for mean precipitation during a given spell. Changes in peak precipitation are not uniform, there being negative trends at some stations and positive ones at others. However the lack of a trend for precipitation totals combines with the climatic warming now to be observed to imply risk of a water deficit. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55498/PDF/WA51_74808_r2009-t82-no1_G-Polonica-Wibig1.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 82 No. 1 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 1 EP - 32 KW - wet spell KW - dry spells KW - precipitation extremes KW - linear trend KW - Poland A1 - Wibig, Joanna PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 82 CY - Warszawa CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - The variability of daily precipitation totals in Poland (1951–2000) UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55498 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The emergence of foreign software development centres (SDCs) in Central and Eastern Europe has led to some debate over the reasons and consequences of location decisions. This paper analyses those factors that influence location and also the consequences of foreign direct investment in software development centres in Bulgaria, Estonia and Poland. Foreign companies are compared and contrasted with the indigenous SDCs which are subcontractors for foreign companies or export to foreign markets. This paper questions the degree to which cost-related considerations influence location decisions, contrasting their significance with ‘return migration’ and the search for highly qualified graduates. To ward off growing wage pressure, SDCs provide more value-added services. Foreign SDCs move up the value chain, acquiring new competences. It may be argued that an increasing shift can be observed from a dependent mode based on a dependency on a foreign headquarters to a developmental type characterised by growing freedom. The local embededdness of foreign SDCs in the analysed countries is usually limited. However, ‘backshoring’ will not occur in the near future due to their high quality of work and improved efficiency. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55425/PDF/WA51_74889_r2009-t82-no2_G-Polonica-Micek.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 82 No. 2 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 2 EP - 33 KW - software development centres (SDCs) KW - offshoring KW - foreign direct investments KW - return migration KW - Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) A1 - Micek, Grzegorz PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 82 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 82 No. 2 (2009) T1 - Investigating the emergence of software development centres in Central and Eastern Europe UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55425 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - The metropolisation is a morphological version of urbanization and is characterized by the concentration of the different kinds of activity and population in the centres of the country and the growth of the share of population of metropolis agglomeration in the country population. The basis of metropolisation processes and the level of its development are determined by the rank of city and by the corresponding underlying processes of urbanization. The aim of the article is to describe existing processes of metropolization in order to refer them to the situation in Ukraine. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55817/PDF/WA51_75502_r2009-t19_EuropaXXI-Pysarenko.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 19 (2009) PY - 2009 EP - 29 KW - metropolisation KW - region KW - urbanization KW - global cities KW - Global Gates A1 - Pysarenko, Svitlana PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 19 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Role of metropolisation in the formation of the globalized Regions UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55817 ER -