TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The article presents results of the undertaken evaluation of planning flexibility in terms of the possibility of building up areas in the commune of Stęszew, being part of the Poznań Metropolitan Area. The scope of the work included review of legal acts and planning documents and a point evaluation of 10 criteria restricting the possibility of development, resulting from legal, natural, physiographic, cultural and technical conditions. Planning flexibility in the examined commune was rated as mediocre. Areas with limited possibilities for development and banned investments account for 53.17%, while areas without or with minor planning restrictions occupy slightly more than 1/3 of commune’s area. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/135354/PDF/WA51_169757_r2019-t55_SOW-Zbierska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 55 PY - 2019 EP - 52 KW - planning flexibility KW - spatial planning KW - urbanization KW - Stęszew commune A1 - Zbierska, Anna. Autor A1 - Krupka, Agnieszka. Autor PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 55 CY - Warszawa SP - 41 T1 - Swoboda planistyczna gmin na przykładzie gminy Stęszew = Evaluation of spatial planning flexibility at local level on the example of the Stęszew commune UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/135354 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/57352/PDF/WA51_77923_r2015-t87-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Bednarek.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 87 z. 4 (2015) PY - 2015 IS - 4 EP - 703 KW - NIMBY syndrome KW - rural areas and small towns KW - Poland KW - press query KW - spatial differentiation A1 - Bednarek-Szczepańska, Maria A1 - Dmochowska- Dudek, Karolina PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 87 CY - Warszawa SP - 683 T1 - Przestrzenny wymiar syndromu NIMBY na wsi i w małych miastach w Polsce = The spatial dimension to NIMBY syndrome in Poland’s rural areas and small towns UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/57352 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - This paper contains an analysis of the impact the positions of Mediterranean cyclones moving through Central and Eastern Europe (MEC – Mediterranean European Cyclones) are able to exert on the precipitation fields in Poland over the period 1958-2008. A distinction was fi rst drawn between six types of route of MECs, as well as segments of those routes, with the positions of lows associated with maximum precipitation in Poland at the time being indicated (Figs. 2-3). Daily precipitation totals associated with Mediterranean lows (i.e. MCP – Mediterranean Cyclonal Precipitation) were compared with the average precipitation abundance (i.e. the average amount of rain per rainy day) noted at meteorological stations. The quotient of these totals represents an indicator of MCP efficiency (Ie). In the Polish case, this ratio is found to have assumed values in the range between 110 and more than 300% (Fig. 5). MCP precipitation abundance greater than the average abundance for all precipitation (Ie >100%) was found to be associated with Mediterranean cyclones moving over the territory of Poland along a central route (C), or else passing to the east of the country (E route) or to the south of its borders (S route). The effective MCP associated with the central route (C) is seen to spread across the greater part of the country, excluding south-eastern regions (Fig. 7). In turn, precipitation associated with the E route extends over large areas other than in the north-west, while the precipitation associated with the S track is present close to the southern and south-eastern borders. The highest average MCP in western Poland is related to cyclones moving along the western branch of the central route (CW), while peak values for the centre and north of the country are associated with the CE route. Elsewhere in Poland, it is the easternroute (E) systems that induce maximum MCP. In some places close to the south-eastern borders, maximum MCP is caused by cyclones travelling along the southern track (S) (Fig. 6). It follows that the highest precipitation totals are recorded to the left-hand (western and northern) sides of the tracks followed, in areas where the northern and eastern components of the cyclonic circulation are dominant. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/56852/PDF/WA51_77381_r2015-t87-z3_Przeg-Geogr-Degirmen.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 87 z. 3 (2015) PY - 2015 IS - 3 EP - 496 KW - Mediterranean Cyclones KW - tracks of cyclones KW - precipitation KW - Poland A1 - Degirmendžić, Jan A1 - Kożuchowski, Krzysztof PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 87 CY - Warszawa SP - 477 T1 - Szlaki niżów śródziemnomorskich nad Europą Środkowo-Wschodnią a opady w Polsce* = Tracks towards Central and Eastern Europe followed by Mediterranean Cyclones, and the precipitation associated with them UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/56852 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Despite the huge investment that has been made in attempts to control Acacia mearnsii there is little evidence to show that the spread of this species is receding. In South Africa Acacia mearnsii is regarded as one of the most problematic invasive species in wildlife conservation areas, where it is threatening ecosystem health. This paper examines the distribution of Acacia mearnsii in an area that is adjacent to the Golden Gate Highlands National Park in South Africa. The results of the study indicate that the park is under threat from invasion by the species. This paper recommends the adoption of an integrated approach in which economic, social and environmental assessments are factored into eradication programmes. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/59016/PDF/WA51_78771_r2016-t89-no3_G-Polonica-Mukwada.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 89 No. 3 (2016) PY - 2016 IS - 3 EP - 286 KW - conservation KW - eco-agricultural landscapes KW - ecosystem goods and services KW - integrated control KW - invasive alien species KW - poverty A1 - Mukwada, Geoffrey A1 - Chingombe, Wisemen A1 - Taru, Phillip PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 271 T1 - Critical considerations in Acacia mearnsii eradication: A case from South Africa UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59016 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/59015/PDF/WA51_78768_r2016-t89-no3_G-Polonica-Szmyd.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica - forthcoming PY - 2016 IS - 3 EP - 409 KW - mountain lee wave KW - local air circulation KW - Polish Tatra Mountains A1 - Szmyd, Jakub PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 405 T1 - The impact of mountain lee waves on the near-surface atmospheric pressure and local air circulation in the foreland of the Polish Tatra Mountains UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59015 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The paper reviews the main tendencies and problems of rural employment in Ukraine. It has been concluded that the issue of rural employment could not be solved without a well-defined rural development policy and separately from other problems related to the rural regions. That is why it is necessary to implement in Ukraine the integrated rural policy which assumes a multisectoral approach to overcome the existing problems, to stimulate the economic diversity, and to expand non-agricultural activities in the rural areas. In order to develop the rural labour market it will be essential to achieve balance between the urban and rural areas, to create an attractive business environment, to build a stable rural financial system, and to develop physical and social infrastructures. In this paper the descriptive analysis is used to analyse tendencies and to identify opportunities for the increase in rural employment across the country. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/56653/PDF/WA51_76932_r2015-t38_SOW-Moroz.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Local development in urban and rural space: project and planning J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 38 PY - 2015 EP - 54 KW - rural employment KW - rural development policy KW - Ukraine A1 - Moroz, Serhiy PB - IGiPZ PAN PB - PTG VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 39 T1 - Employment in rural areas of Ukraine: tendencies and opportunities UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/56653 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The focus of the article is on two issues. One of them is related to the process of multi-functional development of rural areas; the other one concerns the impact the European Union funds have on diversification of economic activity in rural areas. The study attempts to assess this impact with regard to diversification of sources of income gained by rural population and, consequently, with regard to multi-functionality of rural areas. The analysis was based on the number of applications processed and funds acquired within the measures under Axis 3 of the Rural Development Programme 2007–2013 which have provided the most substantial support for multi-functional development of rural areas, i.e. ‘Diversification into non-agricultural activities’ and ‘Creation and development of micro-enterprises’. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/61812/PDF/WA51_81470_r2016-t43_SOW-Biczkowski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 43 PY - 2016 EP - 44 KW - multi-functional development KW - non-agricultural activity KW - RDP KW - EU funds KW - rural areas KW - diversification of agricultural activity A1 - Biczkowski, Mirosław A1 - Biczkowska, Marta PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 43 CY - Warszawa SP - 23 T1 - Impact of the EU funds on the diversification of economic activity (of farms) and their role in multi-functional development of rural areas UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/61812 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - In the light of a growing demand for energy, the government of India has decided to tap into the potential of rivers by building numerous hydroelectric plants, with a view to doubling the amount of energy produced by water. One of the regions in which such plants are being built is the basin of the River Teesta (as a right-bank tributary of the Brahmaputra). The main aim of this article has been to present chemical-composition characteristics and physico-chemical parameters of water in the Teesta in its Himalayan course, with account being taken of the role the newly-built reservoir plays in shaping the chemistry of water in the river. Fieldwork entailed measurement of physico-chemical parameters of the water, as well as sampling for the purposes of chemical analysis. This was done in the post-monsoon period in the years 2013-2015. Sampling and measuring points were located along the Teesta in the Darjeeling Himalaya, over a length of approximately 43 km, between the borders of Sikkim and West Bengal and the southern margin of the Himalayas. Above the newly-built reservoir, measurements were made at points P1 and P2; while within it, measurements were made and samplings taken in the centre (at P3 by the shore). The two points located below the dam were P4 and P5. The results of the analysis of main physico-chemical properties and chemical compositio data for the water in the Teesta allowed conclusions as detailed in the following points to be drawn. The decrease in water temperature caused by the reservoir is slight, at approximately 1.0°C, with the indication being that very weak thermal stratification has developed, due to the rapid exchange of water in the reservoir. As for Total Dissolved Solids, marked stability of values across a narrow range is to be observed. The values for ANC in turn indicate that there is no risk of acidification at any point along the section examined. The newly-built reservoir is responsible for a decrease in concentrations of most of the main ions (i.e. Cl– , K+, Na+, Mg2, NO3 and PO4 3–). The reverse trend was only to be observed in respect of Ca2+, SO4 2– and NH4 +. The dam does not influence F– concentrations. The reservoir causes minor enrichment of water in ions of most metals like Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, C and Sr. The more limited enrichment of water in the Teesta below the dam indicates self-purification processes taken place in the Teesta Reservoir where metals are concerned. The changes in physico-chemical properties and concentrations of ions caused by the reservoir are usually normalised by environmental factors before the Teesta exits the Himalayas (i.e. within 15 km of the reservoir). The results of the study are relevant, in light of the construction of several further reservoirs in the Teesta catchment in the near future, which can lead to significant transformations of the natural environment, including hydrochemical changes that determine water quality. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/61807/PDF/WA51_81104_r2017-t89-z1_Przeg-Geogr-Wiejaczk.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 89 z. 1 (2017) PY - 2017 IS - 1 EP - 181 KW - chemism of water KW - quality of water KW - dam reservoirs KW - Tista river KW - Himalaya A1 - Prokop, Paweł A1 - Wiejaczka, Łukasz A1 - Kozłowski, Rafał A1 - Sarkar, Subir PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 165 T1 - Wpływ zbiornika retencyjnego na fizykochemiczne właściwości rzeki himalajskiej (Tista, Indie) = Impact of a dam reservoir on the chemistry of a Himalayan river (the Teesta, India) UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/61807 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Atmospheric deposition is regarded as an element determining the circulation of matter in forest ecosystems. As a result of contact with the surfaces of plants, rainwater is subject to transformations whose magnitudes depend on both species composition (above all coniferous v broadleaved) and levels of air pollution. Such pollution acts directly to modify atmospheric precipitation, while also operating indirectly at the surface of trees, by way of the deposition of substances. As a result of the washing of elements depositing on the surface, rainwater changes its physical and chemical properties, as well as its chemical composition. The aim of the work described here was thus to analyse the conditions underpinning transformations of atmospheric precipitations in selected forest ecosystems of Poland’s Świętokrzyskie Mountains, on the basis of studies conducted there in the years 2011-2015. Field research was conducted in research areas located in the central and south-western parts of the above Mountains, and was concerned with rainwater in vertical section: bulk precipitation – through fall – stem flow. The data collected were processed statistically using Statistica 10.0 software. The results of measurements made in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains reflect overlapping continental, regional and local emissions, as well as changes taking place as regards emissions of primary pollutants and their products transformed photochemically and chemically under particular meteorological conditions in the course of transport with masses of air over shorter or longer distances. Emissions from natural and anthropogenic sources were found to act on component elements of ecosystems directly from atmospheric air and indirectly through products of their transformation in the form of direct deposition and deposition via crowns. Forest ecosystems have numerous spatially determined paths and areas of flow of substances originating from tree-crown deposition. Along these paths, the delivery of substances from emissions in wet, moist and especially dry deposition is significant ecologically, as are paths for their offtake in throughfall and stem fall. Immissions flowing through the hylosphere have featured changed actively, while at the same time being subject to movement and various biogenic transformations due to the washing out of crowns and washing, as well as crown intake. Quantitative and qualitative features of crown deposition determine the quality and intensity of processes of transformation of rainwater in the areas of the forest stand and during the flow through a layer of plants of the forest floor and to the surface of the soil. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/61805/PDF/WA51_81102_r2017-t89-z1_Przeg-Geogr-Kozlowsk.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 89 z. 1 (2017) PY - 2017 IS - 1 EP - 153 KW - precipitation KW - throughfall KW - stemflow KW - beech KW - pine KW - spruce A1 - Kozłowski, Rafał A1 - Jóźwiak, Marek PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 133 T1 - Transformacja opadów atmosferycznych w strefie drzew wybranych ekosystemów leśnych w Górach Świętokrzyskich = The transformation of precipitation in the tree canopy in selected forest ecosystems of Poland’s Świętokrzyskie Mountains UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/61805 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - This article details an analysis of seasonality of outflow carried out for 12 Carpathian catchments. The latter were selected in such a way as to fully represent various conditions of outflow formation in the Carpathian Mountains, i.e. the region of Poland in which hydrological processes are most dynamic. Daily series of discharges for the years 1951-2010 provided the basis for the research, albeit with the series lengths used in analyses of particular rivers varying in length from 40 to 60 years. In the case of each water-gauge section selected, calculations were made for the seasonality index (IS), time of concentration coeffi cient (WPK), outflow concentration index (GMO) and half-outflow term index (TPO). Multiannual variability and mutual correlation coefficients for the above parameters were also calculated, with these characteristics together describing various aspects to the seasonality of river outflow. The results of the research conducted show that values for the mean seasonality indexes characterising the outflow in Carpathian catchments are slightly lower than those calculated for amounts of precipitation. In addition, their spatial differentiation is relatively weak, while their variability over time is distinctly high. The mean time of concentration coefficient (WPK) for the Carpathian catchments does differ markedly from place to place, occurring between 4th Apri l and 3rd June. However, in the cases of the rivers draining the western part of the Beskid Mountains and Tatras, the outflow concentration occurs relatively late (after 5th May), while it is relatively early (before 5th May) in the cases of the rivers in the eastern part of the Beskids. The long-term variability of WPK in the Carpathian Mountains is less than half as great as that characterising the seasonality index (25.2% to 55.7% on average), though no significant trends could be noted for long-term series of those characteristics. Timing related to Oliver’s concentration coefficient (GMO) reveals aspects of seasonality similar to those presented by Markham’s seasonality index (IS). Due to this fact it would be more appropriate to name it an “outflow seasonality index” rather than an “outflow concentration index”. Mean multiannual half-outflow terms (TPOśr) in the Carpathian catchments are strongly diversified and appear between 15th April and 21st May. Low TPOśr was noted in rivers of a nival-pluvial and nival well-shaped regime. Low TPOśr was found with the pluvial-nival regime. The spatial differentiation to the multiannual variability of TPOśr in the Carpathian Mountains is limited. It is most limited in the case of rivers in the Tatra Mountains. Statistical analyses of multiannual series for all the seasonality parameters examined show that, in the Carpathian area, the seasonal structure to the outflow is relatively stable over the long term (given a lack of significant trends), with year-to-year fluctuations and changes being random in nature. The relative mean mass diagram curve for Carpathian catchments has two points of inflection confirming the nival-pluvial or pluvial-nival regimes. The regional curve offers a very effective presentation of the seasonal distribution of outflow in the Carpathian Mountains. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/61800/PDF/WA51_80980_r2017-t89-z1_Przeg-Geogr-Jokiel.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 89 z. 1 (2017) PY - 2017 IS - 1 EP - 44 KW - seasonality KW - river outflow KW - Carpathians A1 - Jokiel, Paweł A1 - Tomalski, Przemysław PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 29 T1 - Sezonowość odpływu z wybranych zlewni karpackich = Seasonality of outflow in selected Carpathian catchments UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/61800 ER - TY - GEN N2 - In this article, with the example of Pomerania (Pomorskie and Zachodniopomorskie Voivodships) the changes taking place in rural areas in the first decade after the accession to the European Union have been presented. The influence of EU measures for contemporary processes of socio-economic transformation in examined villages have been discussed. Despite the fact that in recent years the development of non-agricultural economic activities is becoming more important, agriculture still plays an important role in the development of the contemporary Pomeranian village. The main stimulator for the changes will be the organic farming development and production of renewable energy sources. The production of agricultural biogas is considered one of the most prospective directions of the energy use of biomass resources. In Pomerania the number of farms implementing ecological methods is systematically increasing as well as the number of agricultural producer groups. The direction of development of the surveyed rural areas will be to a large extent determined by the economic policy - Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (2014–2020). An important role in rural development in Pomerania also plays the social capital, which varies greatly throughout the region. With the accession of Poland to the EU, there have emerged (as part of the operational programs related to rural areas and fisheries) new opportunities for the development of local communities through establishing and operating local action groups and local fishing groups providing possibilities for local businesses. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/61614/PDF/WA51_80934_r2016-t42_SOW-Czapiewska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 42 PY - 2016 EP - 53 KW - rural areas KW - socio-economic development KW - EU funds KW - Pomerania A1 - Czapiewska, Gabriela PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 42 CY - Warszawa SP - 37 T1 - Ocena trendów rozwoju obszarów wiejskich Pomorza w pierwszej dekadzie po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej = Evaluation of trends for the development of Pomerania' rural areas in the first decade after the accession to the European Union UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/61614 ER - TY - GEN PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/61610/PDF/WA51_80929_r2016-t42_SOW-Spis-tresci.pdf M3 - Text VL - 42 CY - Warszawa J2 - Przedsiębiorczy wymiar rozwoju obszarów wiejskich PY - 2016 EP - 4 KW - Geography KW - Spatial and Regional Planning T1 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 42. Spis treści SP - 3 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/61610 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The main objective of this article is to offer an answer to the question whether introducing local border traffic (LBT) on the external frontiers of the EU is an effective tool for cross-border integration and development of marginalised border areas. The analysis was carried out in an area of particular strategic importance for the European Community and Russia, which is the Polish-Russian borderland. The study includes the analysis of political discourse supplied with the findings from the original survey revealing mutual perception of Polish and Russian partners. The authors drew special attention to the significance of delimitation of areas included in the visa-free traffic. The success of the four-year period of LBT zone’s functioning on the Polish-Kaliningrad border came as a result of modification of the regulations concerning the scope of the zone and the inclusion of economic regions otherwise heavily affected by the split in the functional dimension. The analysed region had the chance to become a model of national and local policies’ cooperation in border areas. The decision to shut down the LBT has proved yet again that socio-economic initiatives in border regions are deterministically dependent on the decisions of central governments. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/64179/PDF/WA51_83591_r2017-forthcoming_G-Polonica-Sagan.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 91 No. 1 (2018) PY - 2018 IS - 1 EP - 112 KW - local border traffic KW - cross-border integration KW - Polish-Russian border KW - external border of the European Union A1 - Sagan, Iwona. Autor A1 - Kolosov, Vladimir. Autor A1 - Studzińska, Dominika. Autor A1 - Zotova, Maria. Autor A1 - Sebentsov, Alexander. Autor A1 - Nowicka, Klaudia. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 91 CY - Warszawa SP - 95 T1 - The local border traffic zone experiment as an instrument of cross-border integration: The case of Polish-Russian borderland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/64179 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The work detailed in this article sought to determine the nature of the transborder cooperation ongoing in Poland’s eastern borderland, focusing in particular on the transborder network. Research encompassed analysis of the scope of cooperation in terms of subject matter and type of beneficiary, as well as analysis of the transborder cooperation network using SNA. All beneficiaries and projects pursued under the Poland-Belars-Ukraine 2007-2013 Cross-Border Cooperation Programme within the framework of the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument were examined. Cooperation structures in the Polish-Ukrainian-Belarusian borderland area were then compared with those in the Polish-Czech and Polish-Slovak border areas. Results showed that, while the pursuit of common projects contributed to intensified connections in the Polish-Belarusian-Ukrainian borderland area, the transborder cooperation is much influenced by the strong formalisation of the EU’s external border, and by formal-legal regulations in the neighbouring countries. The cooperation network in the eastern borderland of Poland thus differs greatly from those in the south. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/64177/PDF/WA51_83585_r2017-forthcoming_G-Polonica-Dolzblasz.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 91 No. 1 (2018) PY - 2018 IS - 1 EP - 76 KW - transborder network KW - cross-border cooperation KW - EU external border KW - Poalnd-Belarus-Ukraine borderland A1 - Dołzbłasz, Sylwia. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 91 CY - Warszawa SP - 63 T1 - A network approach to transborder cooperation studies as exemplified by Poland’s eastern border UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/64177 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The paper analyses three forest types belonging to the following associations: (1) fresh pine forest (Peucedano-Pinetum), (2) mixed pine forest (Querco roboris-Pinetum) and (3) oak-hornbeam forest (Tilio cordatae-Carpinetum betuli). They are located in north-eastern Poland. We compared the indicator value of three sets of data: (1) phytosociological relevés representing ancient forests (each type/association), (2) phytosociological relevés representing the youngest recent forests with the shortest regeneration period (each type/association) and (3) the ‘abstract pattern’ (representing the core of a specific type of plant community with a characteristic combination of species and clearly representing a separate type of ecosystem/association). Three sets of data together with their indicator values/numbers: light intensity (L), soil moisture (F), soil reaction (R), and nitrogen supply (N) according to the Ellenberg scale, constituted the basic material for comparative indicator analysis. The percentage shares of ecological groups of species have been calculated as well as the average indicator values for each of these within a data set. The results obtained show that the ‘abstract pattern’ can be treated as a good measure for the evaluation of ancient forest habitat conditions; it is clearly visible in the mean L and F indicator values of the Peucedano-Pinetum and Querco-Pinetum associations, and also in the N of Peucedano-Pinetum and R of Querco-Pinetum, which are closer to ancient forest than to recent forest. In all cases, we found ecological differences between the ancient and recent forests based on their indicator values. Statistically significant differences of the mean L indicator values between ancient forest and recent forest have been found in three types of forest community. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/59797/PDF/WA51_79542_r2016-t89-no3_G-Polonica-Roo-Zieli.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 89 No. 3 (2016) PY - 2016 IS - 3 EP - 309 KW - characteristic combination of species KW - Ellenberg ecological indicator values KW - ancient and recent forests A1 - Roo-Zielińska, Ewa (1948– ) A1 - Matuszkiewicz, Jan Marek (1946– ) PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 287 T1 - Ancient and recent (post-agricultural) forest communities as indicators of environmental conditions in north-eastern Poland (Masuria and Kurpie region) UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59797 ER - TY - GEN A2 - Herzoglich Sächsisch Privilegirtes Landes-Industrie-Comptoir (Weimar) PB - Im Verlage des Land. Industrie Compt. N1 - Skala [ca 1:1 200 000] N1 - 1 mapa : miedzior. ; 21x32 cm N1 - Pod dolna ramką nota: Für d. A.G. Ephem Bd X. St.4 N1 - W prawym górnym rogu dwie podziałki liniowe. Brak legendy CY - Weimar PY - 1802 KW - political-administrative maps KW - Switzerland KW - 19th century T1 - Die Helvetische Republik : nach ihrerneuesten geographischen Verfassung in Jahre 1802 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/59270 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Vitality, in relation to public space denotes presence of users in the space, their activities and social relations. This is a basic feature defining public space and at the same time determining its significance and quality. In the article, the issue of vitality was related to two types of spatial structures of suburban villages, analyzing their impact on the quality of public spaces. The study implemented a behavioral mapping method adapted to the conditions of rural areas. Observations of various types of activities (necessary, optional, social) were carried out during irregular inspections over a period of 5 years. The research was aimed at identifying differences in the social functioning of two different types of rural spaces, i.e. Spiczyn a communal, multifunctional village with a compact development and clearly visible center and Spiczyn Colony (Kolonia) with scattered or terraced housing typical for suburban housing estate. Inspections allowed to specify the type, intensity and diversity of activities, type of users, share of optional and social behaviors in the overall number of users as well as the visitability of the public space. The results clearly indicate the impact of spatial structure of rural development on the quality of social relations in the countryside. As key factors determining the vitality of space the authors indicate: distribution and presence of service facilities, compactness promoting walkability, complex spatial arrangement along with the presence and proper development of places promoting stopping, recreation and meetings. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/68064/PDF/WA51_88112_r2018-t50_SOW-Soszynski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 50 PY - 2018 EP - 196 KW - rural public space KW - vitality of space KW - rural patterns KW - suburban village KW - rural community A1 - Soszyński, Dawid. Autor A1 - Sowińska-Świerkosz, Barbara. Autor PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 50 CY - Warszawa SP - 185 T1 - Witalność przestrzeni publicznej na tle układów przestrzennych wsi podmiejskiej = Vitality of public space on the background of suburban village spatial arrangement UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/68064 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Several potential Polish locations for the occurrence of fossil pingos were determined on the basis of analyses of a digital terrain model. Subsequent field reconnaissance connected with drilling into the geological structure, confirmed that one form located NW of Gdańsk, was indeed a fossil pingo. The aforementioned forms occur in a moraine plateau area related to the last ice-sheet retreat towards the Gardno phase moraine. This surface of the plateau is noticeably inclined south-north, at elevations of between 170 and 110 metres. It in fact proved possible to identify more than 80 very well-developed fossil pingos in the area investigated, with each found to consist of a central depression of average diameter 60‒80 m, as surrounded by a rampart 3–7 m high. By drilling into the central parts of the fossil pingos, we found them to be filled with organic sediments up to 6 or 7 m deep. The bottom layer of infill has carbonate and mineral-carbonate gyttjas up to 2 m thick. These are overlain by a peat layer up to 4 m thick, while these organic sediments are underlain by gley till sand. The ramparts are of sandy till frequently intercalated with silty sand. The established sequence of infilling of the central parts of the fossil pingos indicates that, in the immediate aftermath of ice-core melting, these played host to small ponds in which the accumulation of gyttja was able to take place. The gradual accumulation of lake-bottom sediments resulted in a shallowing of the ponds and the development of peat bogs. The morphological image of the above forms and initial drilling in the studied area suggest an association between their genesis and the presence of an ice-cored mound of the pingo type, experiencing subsequent degradation in the direction of the current, fossil pingo, form. Besides the classical, literal morphology of these forms, a decisive argument for acceptance of the above concept is provided by rampart lithology indicating how essential slow processes were in their accumulation. The nature and thickness of the organic infilling in the central part of a post-pingo prove equally important, suggesting an extended period of lake and peat-bog accumulation, probably lasting for the entire Holocene. The aforementioned arguments allow for the precluding of any origin linked with direct human activity (ground construction, bomb craters). The high density and close proximity and morphological similarity of the forms are likewise inimical to an identification as craters caused by above-ground meteorite explosions. Likewise, comparative analysis of the studied forms and kettle holes (usually larger irregularly-shaped larger forms of varied bottom topography) fails to indicate that the ring forms under study here have somehow arisen through the melting of buried dead ice. Analysis of deep boreholes made previously may support a geological structure of the analysed area consisting of a sand layer over 90 metres thick covered by a discontinuous till moraine several metres thick. The thick sand layer in question consists of differently-aged glaciofluvial sediments. This is a hydrogeological window connecting three main Quaternary aquifers and offering a perfect location for the ascension of groundwater. In conditions of developing discontinuous permafrost, this movement led to the creation of pingo forms in open systems on the surface. It is clear that investigation work is not currently at a stage allowing for about as to age to be made, or all details regarding evolution provided. However, the results of planned geomorphological, hydrogeological and geochronological studies should provide for both the recognition and detailed definition of the forms, thereby prompting discussion as to the evolution of permafrost during the late Weichselian transgression and recession in Central Europe. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/83108/PDF/WA51_108233_r2019-t91-z3_Przeg-Geogr-Blaszkie.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 91 z. 3 (2019) PY - 2019 IS - 3 EP - 419 KW - ring forms KW - open pingo systems KW - permafrost KW - Late Glacial KW - degradation KW - post-pingo KW - North Poland A1 - Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław. Autor A1 - Danel, Weronika. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 91 CY - Warszawa SP - 405 T1 - Formy pierścieniowe w rejonie Wejherowa jako prawdopodobne pozostałości po-pingo i ich znaczenie dla paleogeografii późnego glacjału w północnej Polsce = Ring forms in the area of Wejherowo as likely remnants of pingos, and their significance for Late-Glacial paleogeography in Northern Poland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/83108 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/42385/PDF/WA51_60152_r2014-t87-no1_G-Polonica-Szafransk.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 87 No. 1 (2014) PY - 2014 IS - 1 EP - 93 KW - housing transformation KW - large housing estates KW - post-socialist city KW - Łódź A1 - Szafrańska, Ewa PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 87 CY - Warszawa SP - 77 T1 - Transformations of large housing estates in post-socialist city: The case of Łódź, Poland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/42385 ER - TY - GEN A2 - Paszyński, Janusz. Oprac. A2 - Skoczek, Józef ( –2011). Oprac. PB - IGiPZ PAN N1 - 94, [1] p., 25 k. tabl. : maps, rys., wykr. ; 20 cm N1 - Bibliogr. przy rozdz L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/40645/PDF/WA51_50345_r1964-z5_Dokumentacja-Geogr.pdf M3 - Text CY - Warszawa J2 - Dokumentacja Geograficzna 1964 z. 5 PY - 1964 KW - climate KW - local climate KW - Poland T1 - Badania klimatu lokalnego UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/40645 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/38761/PDF/WA51_55664_r2013-t86-no3_G-Polonica-Vaishar.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 3 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 3 EP - 253 KW - periphery KW - Czech-Polish borderland KW - rural development KW - Javornik A1 - Vaishar, Antonín A1 - Dvořák, Petr A1 - Hubačíková, Vĕra A1 - Zapletalová, Jana PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 237 T1 - Contemporary development of peripheral parts of the Czech-Polish borderland: Case study of the Javorník area UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/38761 ER - TY - GEN N2 - The article investigates changes in the land use of plots sold by the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury in the agglomeration of Poznań. The data which has served as a basis for the research encompasses transactions from the years 2000–2009. Detailed research concerns the history, use and functional changes of plots sold by the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury in the Rokietnica municipality to the north-west of Poznań as the transactions of this kind were the most intense and involved soils of the highest quality. Basing on the numbers of plots undergoing transactions, the analysis of subsequent geodesic divisions, land use changes and content of spatial planning document was undertaken. The research was carried out on the basis of the information obtained from the Agricultural Property Agency and District Centre of Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation in Poznań. The undertaken analysis confirmed that agricultural land within the agglomeration of Poznań was subjected to considerable investment pressure. The actions performed on the plots sold by the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury in the Rokietnica commune in order to take them out of agricultural use consisted mainly in land subdivision of large plots, covering many hectares. The area of newly established plots usually amounted to 3000 sq. m. This was caused by the fact that when there is no Local Spatial Management Plan for a given area dividing land into parcels exceeding 0,30 ha does not entail administrative decision approving the change. In other words nothing stands in the way of the process of agricultural land parceling. The observed divisions were in fact actions preparing the grounds to change their function. The witnessed practice of separating the best quality soils of class II proves that exclusion of land from agricultural use was the ultimate goal of the land subdivision. As it is particularly difficult to change the function of these high quality soils they were separated from land of lower valuation. While dividing very large parcels which included grounds of various quality the best soils were left as one piece whereas the remaining land was divided into parcels slightly bigger than 3000 sq. m, with the prospect of future construction on it. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55726/PDF/WA51_76059_r2015-t37_SOW-Mackiewicz.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 37 PY - 2015 EP - 180 KW - agricultural land KW - Agriculutral Property Stock of the State Treasury KW - Poznań agglomeration KW - exclusion of land from agricultural use KW - agricultural land trade A1 - Maćkiewicz, Barbara PB - IGiPZ PAN PB - PTG VL - 37 CY - Warszawa SP - 169 T1 - Przekształcenia gruntów rolnych sprzedanych z Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa w aglomeracji poznańskiej = Changes in the agricultural land sold by the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury in the agglomeration of Poznań UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55726 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - This paper presents accessibility of selected boundary regions in Slovakia - Orava, and Humenné located near the boundary with Poland, and region Humenné bordering also on Ukraine. The paper discusses effects of transport infrastructure and regional accessibility on the regional development and the role of different barriers in the development of transport infrastructure. Accessibility of selected regions has been studied from two different aspects: public transport accessibility and individual automobile transport accessibility and at three different spatial levels i.e. the accessibility of selected boundary regions from other countries, accessibility of regional centres (Dolný Kubín and Humenné) from other towns in Slovakia, and accessibility of individual municipalities in regions from regional centres. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55806/PDF/WA51_75707_r2010-t20_EuropaXXI-Michniak.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 20 (2010) PY - 2010 EP - 173 KW - accessibility KW - transport infrastructure KW - public transport KW - individual automobile transport KW - boundary regions KW - Slovakia A1 - Michniak, Daniel PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 20 CY - Warszawa SP - 161 T1 - Accessibility of selected boundary regions in Slovakia UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55806 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - This article presents results of the research on the protection of the river valleys of Lublin Voivodeship. To determine the degree of protection of the river valleys cartometric methods based on the available maps and the Ministry of Environment and Offi ce of Spatial Planning in Lublin data are used. The results of researches made that the protected landscape areas are element of the system of protected areas, which includes the highest percentage of river length in region (over 13%). Outside the protected areas, there are 70% of the length of the river. In this system of protection, fragmentation of the valleys is signifi cant. None of the major rivers of the region, including the Vistula and the Bug, is not protected throughout in their length. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55788/PDF/WA51_75901_r2010-t21_EuropaXXI-Kalamucka.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 21 (2010) PY - 2010 EP - 101 KW - protected area system KW - river valleys KW - Lublin Administrative District A1 - Kałamucka, Wioletta PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 21 CY - Warszawa SP - 91 T1 - River valleys as elements of the system of protected areas in the Lublin Administrative District UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55788 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Since 1991, the observed parliamentary elections in Poland have been characterized by great spatial diversity in terms of support for individual political options. Among these options, it is possible to distinguish the right and the elitarian groupings deriving from the 1980’s opposition to the communist authorities, as well as the peasant and left camps to a large extent based around circles linked with the former system. The aforementioned options form two axes of division: an ideological one (left and right), and a socio-economic one (the peasant and elitarian camps). In the five investigated parliamentary elections (of 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2007), it was mostly the peasant option and, to a lesser degree, the right-of-centre and left-of-centre parties that enjoyed widespread support from the rural population, with the elitarians only receiving much more limited backing. In general terms, the population from east-central Poland showed a preference for the peasant option; inhabitants living in the south and partly in the north (the Podlasie and Kaszuby regions) opted for the right, while western Poland supported the left. Among factors responsible for electoral behaviour, the population’s socio-professional profile and historical and cultural conditioning as broadly conceived are of primary significance. Differentiation of these factors has been shaped down the centuries. The period of the Partitions, which took place at a time of fundamental socio-economic transformation related to the transition from the agrarian to the industrial era, was of particular importance. Also crucial was the post-war shift in Poland’s borders, and the ensuing population migration; as well as changes in the system of ownership. The electoral behaviour of some regional groups forming distinct “islands” make it difficult to offer an unequivocal assessment of the major factors influencing electoral preferences. Nevertheless, the studies carried out indicate that there are clear connections between these factors, and that these relations are much stronger in rural areas than in towns or cities. The traditional forms of ownership (including individual farms) are conducive to the maintenance of traditional social structures, thus supporting cultural traditionalism. The profound economic transformations characteristic of Prussian industrialization, subsequently strengthened by the system under the Polish People’s Republic (nationalised agriculture) proved conducive to the erosion of traditional peasant culture. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55574/PDF/WA51_75433_r2009-t81-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Banski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 81 z. 4 (2009) PY - 2009 IS - 4 EP - 506 KW - parliamentary elections KW - rural areas KW - Poland A1 - Bański, Jerzy (1960– ). Autor A1 - Mazur, Marcin (1982– ) A1 - Kowalski, Mariusz PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 81 CY - Warszawa SP - 483 T1 - Zachowania wyborcze mieszkańców polskiej wsi = Electoral behaviour of Poland’s rural population UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55574 ER -