TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The changing role of small towns is a noticeable topic of contemporary research on urban and regional development in Poland. Unlike those situated within the zone of daily commuting around large cities, small urban localities in what are peripheral localities from the point of view of Poland as a whole are strongly exposed to metropolitan development backwash effects, which manifest themselves in migration outflow and population ageing, together with the loss of certain specialised functions that tend to cluster in centres at higher levels in the urban hierarchy. Going against these general trends, some of the towns in question are in a position to maintain existing activities in manufacturing or service branches of international or national market range, and/or to attract new ones. At the same time, those small urban localities that witness a curtailment of more-specialised functions experience a growing reliance on the public sector, in addition to commercial activities of local range, performing a stabilising role with regard to urban-rural functional relations at the local level of the settlement system. This article focuses on factors that underpin such polarisation trends by referring to the concepts of territorial competitiveness and territorial capital (Camagni, 2002, 2008). It illustrates their applicability using materials derived from an empirical study covering a subset of 19 small towns, of populations between 3000 and 10,000, situated in environmentally rich North-Eastern regions of Poland. Aiming to acquire primary data, the study has involved a series of extended, open-ended interviews with local stakeholders (5 to 7 per town), together with a questionnaire-based survey of 55 enterprises, in manufacturing and services of supra-local market range. As the results show (in line with the assumptions of Camagni), successful development of specialised functions, including niche-type activities in the small towns under study, can in several cases at least be linked to synergic effects between such components of territorial capital as creativity, local entrepreneurship and proactive policy on the part of local government. By focusing on the (EU Structural Fund-supported) extension and modernisation, of technical as well as social infrastructure, the latter have contributed to a general improvement in living conditions locally over the last fifteen years. This has in turn created some potential for attracting new residents, first of all from the surrounding rural areas; and – as a more distant prospect – also returning migrants from both abroad and other localities (typically Poland’s large urban centres). Thus, even in the face of prevailing depopulation trends, the small towns presented here (including local service centres) may enjoy certain opportunities to expand their place-of residence functions of both local and supra-local scope. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/132010/PDF/WA51_162456_r2020-t92-z2_Przeg-Geogr-Korcelli.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 92 z. 2 (2020) PY - 2020 IS - 2 EP - 212 KW - small towns KW - peripheal regions KW - specialized functions KW - territorial competitiveness A1 - Korcelli-Olejniczak, Ewa. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 92 CY - Warszawa SP - 191 T1 - Funkcjonalne różnicowanie małych miast północno-wschodniej Polski w warunkach depopulacji = Functional differentiation of small towns in North-Eastern Poland under a depopulation trend UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/132010 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Contemporary rural settlement in Poland is first and foremost modified by demographic processes, of which decisive ones are a migratory influx of new inhabitants into rural areas in the immediate vicinity of large cities, as well as population outflow from most rural areas that are located traditionally and above all peripherally. These two directions to migration generate mostly opposing trends where the development of rural areas is concerned. Inflows of new inhabitants into suburbs and satellite villages close to cities ensure social, economic and infrastructural development or ”progress”, and sometimes even – paradoxically – a change of status from rural to urban. On the other hand, migratory outflows from most other rural areas give rise to a process of demographic degradation whose extreme manifestation may be the actual disappearance of a rural settlement. The fundamental unit of measurement and study here was the so-called ”statistical locality”, defined by GUS as the group of places taking on the name of the leading locality and usually comprising a village plus smaller settlements adjacent to it. The research encompassed a total of 41,466 such localities existing uninterruptedly between 1950 and 2011. The analysis further encompassed six time intervals, of which each ended in a year during which a Census was carried out (i.e. 1950, 1960, 1970, 1978, 1988, 2002 and 2011). For each inter-Censal period, attention was paid to the magnitude and direction of demographic change taking place in all of the rural localities. In this work, the key focus is on the “uniformly regressing villages”, which is to say those losing more than 5% of their inhabitants in the 1950‒2011 period, but also experiencing population declines in every one of the six inter-Censal periods. This is taken to be adequate justification for use of the more-loaded term “disappearing”. Through analysis of the statistical localities in rural areas it was found that some 25,711 of all villages reported a decline in the number of inhabitants over the 1950‒2011 period. However, the steady loss of people indicated by population declines over each of the six studied time intervals was an issue for 2956 of the villages mainly located in central and eastern parts of Poland. These are areas long regarded as only poorly-developed economically, including parts of the east that are clearly categorisable as “peripheral”. To be noted among the factors behind disappearances of villages are limited attractiveness arising out of low standards of living, natural conditions unsuited to farming, limited incomes earned from agricultural activity and poor outfitting in social and technical infrastructure. Throughout the post-War period it is small villages of fewer than 100 people that have experienced the most marked demographic regress. The smallest settlements of all – with 50 people or less – have experienced the most major loss of population, at around 28% on average. The analyses reported here thus support the notion that the scale and village, the less-serious the unfavourable population processes. However, the disappearing villages are home to a number of overlapping problems with development. Inhabitants either lack opportunities to meet their daily needs, or at best have limited chances to do so. And this starts with physiological needs, though also of course ranges through the social, emotional and economic, and ends with lack of access to public goods and services. The decline of rural areas thus features a so-called triggering factor, with this then unleashing a sequence of positive-feedback processes. A most typical trigger would be lack of job opportunities, and this exerts a selective effect in relation to who leaves the countryside. A next consequence of that is a decline in the purchasing power of rural households, a further worsening of living conditions, and inefficient use of infrastructure. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/132009/PDF/WA51_162445_r2020-t92-z2_Przeg-Geogr-Banski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 92 z. 2 (2020) PY - 2020 IS - 2 EP - 189 KW - rural settlement KW - rural population KW - disappearing villages KW - socio-economic processes KW - depopulation KW - Poland A1 - Bański, Jerzy (1960– ). Autor A1 - Wesołowska, Monika. Autor A1 - Łoboda, Krzysztof. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 92 CY - Warszawa SP - 175 T1 - Wsie zanikające – identyfikacja i analiza wybranych cech społeczno-ekonomicznych = Disappearing villages – identification and analysis of selected socioeconomic features UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/132009 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/132007/PDF/WA51_162436_r2020-t92-z2_Przeg-Geogr-Spis.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny PY - 2020 IS - 2 EP - 173 KW - Geography PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 92 CY - Warszawa SP - 173 T1 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 92 z. 2 (2020), Spis treści UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/132007 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - A basic research topic taken up within the framework of border studies concerns the function of political borders, as well as changes therein over time. As a matter of special importance is then the location of border crossing points and the character of their immediate surroundings, much depends on the analysis of transformations these areas undergo, in line with shifting formal and legal circumstances, as well as in terms of infrastructure and socio-economic conditions. Poland’s 2007 accession to the EU’s Schengen Agreement obviously had a number of major consequences in this respect, not least along the Polish-German border where border posts underwent formal liquidation, and the border could theoretically be crossed along its entire length. The rules applying to an internal Schengen border are known to favour spatial development in border areas, as permeability increases and there may be a long-term trend for the role of a border as a barrier to decline. Notably, the local dimension would seem to be of great importance to the achievement of practical effects (Bufon, 2008). The work detailed here has had as its main aims the identification of the spatial--development features characterising crossings along the Polish-German border, and the analysis of economic activity in their immediate vicinity, under the circumstances of a now-open internal border within the Schengen Area. The analysis covered areas surrounding the formal border crossings abolished on 21.12.2007, as well as new places in which organised crossings began to take place (along roads, walking or cycle paths or railway lines). This scope of interest led to a field inventory of 47 areas on both the Polish and German sides, at which a border crossing was made possible by roads (n = 29), or along cycle or walking paths (n = 18). Data obtained allowed for an identification of key regularities as regards the maintenance of border infrastructure, the reuse of the buildings of former border posts, road infrastructure, and numbers and type structure where operating companies were concerned. The newly-created border-crossing points were mainly seen to locate along the section of border between Pargów and the coast of the Szczecin Lagoon, as well as in the Świnoujście area (where the boundary does not run along rivers).Interestingly, use was being made of only half the former border-post buildings, on both the Polish and German sides. Where new designations of activity were present, a degree of diversification was visible. Our results show clearly how difficult it may still prove to introduce new functions in the reality of an open, internal Schengen Area border. The study offers grounds for a perhaps-surprising conclusion that, given the conditions under which the Polish-German border still functions, a formal status as open does not preclude significant limitations still being imposed on the possibilities for borderland integration, in a spatial context in particular. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/111571/PDF/WA51_138837_r2019-t91-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Dolzblas.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 91 z. 4 (2019) PY - 2019 IS - 4 EP - 510 KW - boreder-crossing point KW - Polish-German borderland KW - field inventory KW - spatial management KW - economic activity KW - internal Schengen border A1 - Dołzbłasz, Sylwia. Autor A1 - Zelek, Krzysztof. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 91 CY - Warszawa SP - 487 T1 - Wybrane cechy zagospodarowania przestrzennego i aktywności gospodarczej w otoczeniu miejsc przekraczania granicy polsko-niemieckiej = Selected features of spatial management and economic activity in the vicinity of border-crossing points on the Polish-German border UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/111571 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - While border areas are usually perceived as peripheral in nature, denoting only a limited level of economic development, it is clear that a border location might also be in a position to offer measurable benefit. In that context, work described here in relation to Poland has focused in on: (1) the delimitation of border areas; and (2) an identification and subdivision of units into those whose location by a state border brings either positive or negative economic consequences. The criterion applied most often in designating border areas is administrative (cf. Kałuski, 1990), with different hierarchical levels referred to (e.g. the NUTS 3 where pursuit of the EU policy on Territorial Cooperation is concerned; or LAU 2 where the need is to designate areas characterised by small-scale border traffic, with account then taken of the criterion of distance of a given administrative unit from the border). Alongside the administrative, a second main criterion relates simply to physical distance from a border, and usually gains application in denoting a zone of particularly intensive scrutiny by the Border Guard and other state services such as the Customs Administration (e.g. in the United States). Use of this criterion actually does much to hinder scientific research, given the lack of concordance with units of administration. Neither of the divisions referred to above embraces real functional linkages, while the real-life zone of impact of a border is likely to be indicated by just such linkages, of a socioeconomic nature, and specific in the sense that other parts of a country do not manifest them (Węcławowicz et al., 2006). Such linkages would seem to offer a basis to determine, first, if border areas actually exist at all, and, second, how they can be delimited in a detailed way, by reference to multiple criteria. It is certain that a key aspect is involved here, as the attempt is made to set the benefits of a border location against the “non-benefits”. But it is clear that attention also needs to be paid to the configuration of internal interactions, as aspects of a border location become all the more unfavourable the more peripherally a given unit is located. Ultimately, it is possible to indicate which border areas are actually problem areas, and to set these apart from other areas by a border whose geographical position ensures that a border represents no barrier to development and/or does not determine peripheral status. For the above reasons, the work presented here does indeed propose a delimitation based on real economic linkage (levels of export), as well as the degree to which regional centres are accessible from the given area. The first stage of the delimitation procedure thus takes in the designation of a border area formed from a belt of Polish communes (LAU 2) “two deep”. A second stage then sees elimination from this set of those units with a favourable location vis-à-vis the nearest regional centre (s), it being assumed that the proximity of these centres helps even out any potentially negative impact of the border; as well as with a high value for the statistic regarding the value of exports to the neighbouring country (the assumption then being that such units benefit from a border location, rather than suffering as a result of it). Units left behind following the application of this procedure were deemed to be border communes of problem status, potentially in need of support if they are to develop. In the event, such units are found to be located primarily along Poland’s borders with the Russian Federation, Lithuania, Belarus and Slovakia (as opposed to Germany, the Czech Republic and Ukraine). Unsurprisingly, it is communes by the Polish-German border that are seen to benefit most from their location. The authors set other divisions and classifications already in effect against the proposal for delimitation which is offered here, along with relevant recommendations for the development of regional policy. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/111570/PDF/WA51_138617_r2019-t91-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Komornic.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 91 z. 4 (2019) PY - 2019 IS - 4 EP - 486 KW - border KW - problem areas KW - foreign trade KW - spatial accessibility KW - cohesion policy A1 - Komornicki, Tomasz. Autor A1 - Wiśniewski, Rafał (1977– ). Autor A1 - Miszczuk, Andrzej. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 91 CY - Warszawa SP - 467 T1 - Delimitacja przygranicznych obszarów problemowych = The delimitation of problem border areas UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/111570 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Political boundaries represent a universal phenomenon and key element by which social and economic phenomena existing across space are structured. But both the presence and the nature (role, function, etc.) of borders are seen to vary temporally and spatially, with differentiated attendant consequences for socio-economic development. The present article relates to state borders, which separate certain areas off from others, while at the same time constituting meeting points and points of contact between them. While this would hold true whether we perceive the said borders as lines, areas or zones, the modern-day approach to borders is a multi-dimensional one that treats them as socio-spatial constructs revealing and articulating differentiation that truly exists. It is possible to note two opposing cause-and-effect processes here. On the one hand, there are different divisions and boundaries between many socio-economic and even natural phenomena that sanction the existence and locations of borders; while on the other the very existence of state borders establishes or reinforces the existence of other, new divisions that can be regarded as boundaries (even as they are not now necessarily state borders as such). I trust that this argumentation helps capture the essence of the geography present in considerations of boundaries and borders; as well as its changing but ever-important role, while at the same time generating opportunities for further research, and for the ongoing observation of the diverse processes linking up with the existence of borders. Variability and change of function would seem to offer a key to the understanding of the significances of borders and the influences they exert, as regards the border landscape, neighbourly (international) relations and phenomena of a socio-economic nature. In that light, four functions for borders are in fact proposed here – as barriers, peripheries, lines of differentiation and axes of integration. Each change has knock-on implications for transformations of function in regard to both borders as such and the areas adjacent to them. Thus, by making assumptions as to the fundamental aspects characterising variations in the nature of borders, it has been possible here to come up with proposals regarding the consequences these will bring with them. And even as a process whereby a border opens up is underway and integration is ensuing, it is still possible that change as a whole will falter or even stall, should issues arise locally (e.g. through conflict or other negative events), nationally (e.g. through unilateral or bilateral severing of agreements), or globally (e.g. thanks to external threat, a desire to protect domestic markets or a migration crisis). For these reasons, geopolitical considerations will always reign supreme over other borderland phenomena, determining directions of development and possibilities for borders (and adjacent areas) to function. In that light, this article stresses the still-relevant need for borders, borderlands and relevant ongoing processes to be made subject to theoretical conceptualisation and processing. And this would be true as regards, not only the spatial extent or scope of borderland areas, but also the changing conditioning, consequences and actions. In this, a challenge that continues to be present entails the founding of theoretical concepts for the borderland that draw on selected paradigms and stress the role and importance of border and borderland geography, along with its key subjects of interest. And, where the study of borders being pursued in Poland is concerned, it needs to be hoped that a new trajectory may be found and followed, with each conceptualisation exerting a summarising or theorising impact proving of value as form is given to a full new theory for the development of borders and borderlands in Poland and its neighbouring countries, with account taken, not merely of recent decades, but of a much longer time period. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/111569/PDF/WA51_138532_r2019-t91-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Wieckows.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 91 z. 4 (2019) PY - 2019 IS - 4 EP - 466 KW - state border KW - barrier KW - peripheries KW - cross-border cooperation KW - Poland KW - European Union A1 - Więckowski, Marek (1971– ). Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 91 CY - Warszawa SP - 443 T1 - Od barier i izolacji do sieci i przestrzeni transgranicznej – konceptualizacja cyklu funkcjonowania granic państwowych = From barriers and isolation to transboundary space and networks – conceptualising ways in which state borders function UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/111569 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/111568/PDF/WA51_138530_r2019-t91-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Spis.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny PY - 2019 IS - 4 EP - 442 KW - Geography PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 91 CY - Warszawa SP - 441 T1 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 91 z. 4 (2019), Spis treści UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/111568 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/33003/PDF/WA51_51243_r2013-t86-no2_G-Polonica-Yamamoto.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 2 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 2 EP - 123 KW - traditional craft industry KW - tie-dyeing KW - indurstrial structure KW - oveseas markets KW - Kyoto Premium program KW - Kyoto KW - Japan A1 - Yamamoto, Shunixhiro PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 111 T1 - The expansion into overseas markets of Kyoto city’s traditional-crafts sector UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/33003 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/33002/PDF/WA51_51238_r2013-t86-no2_G-Polonica-Kolossov.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 2 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 2 EP - 98 KW - world geopolitical vision KW - BRIC countries KW - geographical images KW - perception A1 - Kolossov, Vladimir PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 89 T1 - The vision of Europe and the world as seen by large powers: The case of the BRIC countries UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/33002 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pawłowski, Stanisław (1882–1940). Red. A2 - Uniwersytet Poznański. Instytut Geograficzny PB - "Książnica Atlas" N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/31147/PDF/WA51_2839_PANS318-1-r1926_Badania-Geograficzne.pdf M3 - Text CY - Poznań J2 - Études Géeographiques sur la Pologne du Nord-Ouest PY - 1926 KW - North-Western Poland KW - geomorphology KW - lakes KW - geographical names - Poland KW - precipitation KW - meteorology KW - landslides T1 - Badania Geograficzne nad Polską Północno-Zachodnią Z.1 (1926) UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/31147 ER - TY - GEN PB - IGiPZ PAN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/33942/PDF/WA51_51249_r2013-t86-no2_G-Polonica-Review.pdf M3 - Text CY - Warszawa J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 2 (2013) PY - 2013 KW - Geography T1 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 2 (2013), Review UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/33942 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/33941/PDF/WA51_51248_r2013-t86-no2_G-Polonica-Bandzo-An.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 2 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 2 EP - 173 KW - history of geography KW - history of cartography KW - maps KW - Maurycy August Beniowski A1 - Bandzo-Antkowiak, Małgorzata PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 171 T1 - Maurycy August Beniowski - confabulator or discoverer? Map of his journey fund UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/33941 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/33940/PDF/WA51_51247_r2013-t86-no2_G-Polonica-Sleszynsk.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 2 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 2 EP - 170 KW - demography KW - functional urban areas KW - Poland A1 - Śleszyński, Przemysław PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 169 T1 - Demographic change in the functional urban areas in Poland, 2000-2010 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/33940 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/33939/PDF/WA51_51246_r2013-t86-no2_G-Polonica-Korcelli-.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 2 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 2 EP - 166 KW - metropolitan regions KW - urban-rural regions KW - Warsaw region KW - advanced services sector KW - territorial cohesion A1 - Korcelli-Olejniczak, Ewa PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 153 T1 - Warsaw urban-rural region - an alternative development perspective? UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/33939 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/33938/PDF/WA51_51245_r2013-t86-no2_G-Polonica-Tobiasz.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 2 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 2 EP - 152 KW - photo projective method KW - shared image KW - sense of place KW - evaluation KW - city administration - Poland - Lublin - history KW - Łódź A1 - Tobiasz-Lis, Paulina A1 - Wójcik, Marcin PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 137 T1 - Evaluating and interpreting the city using a photo projective method. The example of Łódź UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/33938 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/33937/PDF/WA51_51244_r2013-t86-no2_G-Polonica-Laulajain.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 2 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 2 EP - 135 KW - cargo value KW - port visit KW - regional differentiation KW - size class KW - value gap KW - ship movement A1 - Laulajainen, Risto PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 125 T1 - When to stop collecting data on ship movements? UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/33937 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/33936/PDF/WA51_51242_r2013-t86-no2_G-Polonica-Woods.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 2 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 2 EP - 109 KW - rural development KW - regional development KW - globalization KW - regional policy KW - Europe KW - territorial cohesion KW - DERREG project A1 - Woods, Michael PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 99 T1 - Rural development, globalization and European regional policy: Perspectives from the DERREG project UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/33936 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/33935/PDF/WA51_51235_r2013-t86-no2_G-Polonica-Contents.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 2 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 2 EP - 3 KW - Geography PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 3 T1 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 2 (2013), Contents UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/33935 ER - TY - GEN PB - IGiPZ PAN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/42015/PDF/WA51_59810_r2013-t23_EuropaXXI-Contents.pdf M3 - Text VL - 23 CY - Warszawa J2 - Europa XXI 23 (2013) J2 - Services of general interest in European Union PY - 2013 EP - 3 T1 - Europa XXI 23 (2013), Contents SP - 3 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/42015 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/40960/PDF/WA51_58456_r2013-t86-no4_G-Polonica-Referees.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 4 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 4 EP - 408 KW - Geography PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 407 T1 - Referees and advisers to Geographia Polonica 2013 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/40960 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/40959/PDF/WA51_58452_r2013-t86-no4_G-Polonica-Project.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 4 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 4 EP - 405 KW - projects KW - forest phytocoenoses KW - post-agricultural areas KW - Masuria KW - Kurpie region A1 - Matuszkiewicz, Jan Marek (1946– ) PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 403 T1 - Project report “Models of the long-term evolution of forest phytocoenoses regenerating in post-agricultural areas in varied soil and anthropogenic environments on the border between the Masuria and Kurpie regions, northeastern Poland” UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/40959 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/40958/PDF/WA51_58450_r2013-t86-no4_G-Polonica-Matuszkie.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 4 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 4 EP - 402 KW - historical maps KW - changes in forest cover KW - potential natural vegetation KW - habitat variation KW - Central Poland A1 - Matuszkiewicz, Jan Marek (1946– ) A1 - Wolski, Jacek (1971– ) A1 - Kowalska, Anna (1977– ) PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 393 T1 - A map of sequences of ‘forest/non‑forest’ states over the last 200 years in the borderland between Poland’s Masuria and Kurpie regions UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/40958 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/40957/PDF/WA51_58447_r2013-t86-no4_G-Polonica-Affek.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 4 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 4 EP - 390 KW - historical GIS (HGIS) KW - First, Second and Third Military Surveys KW - map datum transformation KW - map rectification KW - Habsbug Empire A1 - Affek, Andrzej. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 375 T1 - Georeferencing of historical maps using GIS, as exemplified by the Austrian Military Surveys of Galicia UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/40957 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/40956/PDF/WA51_58445_r2013-t86-no4_G-Polonica-Kedzia.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 4 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 4 EP - 374 KW - Rhizocarpon KW - lichenometry KW - Tatra Mountains KW - Karkonosze Mountains A1 - Kędzia, Stanisław PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 363 T1 - Problems and possibilities of lichenometric dating in Polish mountains UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/40956 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/40955/PDF/WA51_58442_r2013-t86-no4_G-Polonica-Kordowski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 86 No. 4 (2013) PY - 2013 IS - 4 EP - 361 KW - Lower Vistula Valley KW - dead ice landforms KW - kame terraces KW - lithofacies analysis KW - Quaternary KW - Northern Poland A1 - Kordowski, Jarosław PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 86 CY - Warszawa SP - 341 T1 - The role of blocks of dead ice in the deposition of late glacial sediments in a large valley: A case study from the Vistula river valley in the Grudziądz basin, north Poland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/40955 ER -