@misc{Szmytkie_Robert._Autor_Kierunki_2022,
 author={Szmytkie, Robert. Autor},
 volume={94},
 number={3},
 copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license},
 address={Warszawa},
 journal={Przegląd Geograficzny},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2022},
 publisher={IGiPZ PAN},
 language={pol},
 abstract={The main objective of the work detailed here was to identify the directions taken by changes in population in Poland’s largest cities over the years 1980-2020. The six cities involved are Warsaw, Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań and Gdańsk, and it was at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries that their situations as regards population diverged markedly, in turn under the influence of changing socio-economic conditions. Until the mid-1980s, the cities analysed followed similar trends for population. However, a period of demographic reconstruction then ensued, at that led to the aforementioned diversification. The current trends for population change result from one or other specific factor prevailing. In the case of the cities experiencing steady population growth, this is a positive migration balance, while in Łódź natural decrease prevails, and in Poznań a negative migration balance. In Poland’s 'Big Five' cities, population shares are in each case higher than elsewhere in the 0-4, 30-44 and 65+ age groups. Against this background, Łódź stands out as experiencing the clearest process of population ageing.},
 type={Text},
 title={Kierunki zmian ludnościowych w największych miastach Polski w latach 1980‑2020 = Directions of population change in the largest Polish cities, 1980‑2020},
 URL={http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/236247/WA51_272733_r2022-t94-z3_Przeg-Geogr-Szmytkie.pdf},
 keywords={large cities, population changes, urbanisation, depopulation, Poland},
}