@misc{Wołoszyn_Marcin_The_2015,
 author={Wołoszyn, Marcin and Nosek, Elżbieta M. and Stępiński, Janusz and Rafalska-Łasocha, Alicja and Łasocha, Wiesław and Bielańska, Elżbieta},
 volume={60},
 number={1-2},
 copyright={Rights Reserved - Free Access},
 address={Warszawa},
 journal={Archeologia Polski},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2015},
 publisher={Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk},
 language={eng},
 abstract={The paper reports on the results of chemical analysis and metallography examination of four lead seals from Czermno (Cherven towns region). The seals were issued by Rus dukes and have been dated to 12th–13th centuries. Selected specimens were subjected to detailed observations under SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Chemical analysis included EDS (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) and EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence). The red layer found on the surface of the lead seals was identified by XRPD (X-ray Powder Diffractometry) as a typical corrosion product: lead oxide. Lead content in the tested seals ranges from 98.9% to 99.4%. The content of silver, copper, chromium, iron was interpreted as impurities.},
 type={Text},
 title={The seals from Czermno (Cherven Towns, eastern Poland) – chemical analysis andmetallurgical examination},
 URL={http://www.rcin.org.pl/iae/Content/61947/PDF/WA308_81679_P320_The-seals-from-Czerm_I.pdf},
 keywords={medieval Rus, Byzantium, Polish-Rus border land, lead seals, SEM, chemical analysis EDS, chemical analysis EDXRF, structural diffractometry XRPD, conservation},
}