@misc{Valde-Nowak_Paweł_Highland_2005,
 author={Valde-Nowak, Paweł},
 volume={43},
 journal={Archaeologia Polona},
 address={Warszawa},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2005},
 publisher={Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences},
 language={eng},
 abstract={In the common opinion mountainous landscapes were avoided by Neolithic man because of relatively low soil fertility, a reduced vegetation period, strong climatic variation and other geographical conditions unfavorable for agriculture. Neolithic settlement still awaits an adequate description in terms of center and periphery structure. In Central Europe, intensively settled "old centers of early Neolithic" are well known, but they do not reflect all aspects of early agricultural lifestyle. Many facts indicate, that Neolithic man filled ecological niches such as mid-mountainous landscapes. Neolithic stray finds in mountainous areas in most cases involved polished macrolithic tools like axes and hammer-axes. Because no typical Neolithic materials, e.g., ceramic, graves, pits and others are known from these regions, such "stray finds" confirm the impression of "empty mountains" and underlining the disparity between them and archaeologically rich territories even more. As result of the series of surveys, conducted in different mountainous groups, e.g., Black Forest and Bavarian Forest in Germany or Sudety and Carpathians in Poland we can consider the existence of an unknown form of activity of Neolithic man in the European Mid-Mountains, i.e., seasonal campsites represented not only by axes or hammer-axes, but also by collections of small flint artifacts, without ceramic, connect with pastoral activity},
 title={Highland settlement in Middle Europe during Neolithic times. Polish-German contribution},
 type={Text},
 keywords={Neolithic, mountains, stray finds, seasonal occupation},
}