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	    <datestamp>2025-12-30T11:25:47Z</datestamp>
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<dc:title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Financial statements of the Polish Oriental School in Istanbul from 1766–1777]]></dc:title>
<dc:title xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Zestawienia budżetowe Polskiej Szkoły Orientalnej w Stambule z lat 1766–1777]]></dc:title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bajer, Jakub]]></dc:creator>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[history of education]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[translator training]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[dragomans]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Jeunes de Langues]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Oriental School]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Istanbul]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Polish diplomacy]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Stanislaw August]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Polish-Turkish relations]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[18th century]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[historia edukacji]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[kształcenie tłumaczy]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[dragomani]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Jeunes de Langues]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Szkoła Orientalna]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Stambuł]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[polska dyplomacja]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Stanisław August]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[stosunki polsko-tureckie]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[XVIII w.]]></dc:subject>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The article presents financial statements (lists of income and expenditure) of the Polish Oriental School in Istanbul (Jeunes de Langues) from the first 11 years of its operation (1766-1777) under the directorship of Zygmunt Everhardt. The list of expenses illustrates the everyday life and needs of students at a Polish educational institution in the specific conditions of learning Oriental languages on the Bosporus. The reports clearly demonstrate Everhardt's diligence and responsibility as administrator of the Oriental School. Each year, the budget closed with a surplus, even though expenses gradually increased. It should be remembered, however, that this was only possible thanks to funding flowing directly from the private purse of the King Stanislaw August, who continued to support the school even in the year of the first partition of Poland in 1772.]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[The article presents financial statements (lists of income and expenditure) of the Polish Oriental School in Istanbul (Jeunes de Langues) from the first 11 years of its operation (1766-1777) under the directorship of Zygmunt Everhardt. The list of expenses illustrates the everyday life and needs of students at a Polish educational institution in the specific conditions of learning Oriental languages on the Bosporus. The reports clearly demonstrate Everhardt's diligence and responsibility as administrator of the Oriental School. Each year, the budget closed with a surplus, even though expenses gradually increased. It should be remembered, however, that this was only possible thanks to funding flowing directly from the private purse of the King Stanislaw August, who continued to support the school even in the year of the first partition of Poland in 1772.]]></dc:description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Instytut Historii Nauki im. Ludwika i Aleksandra Birkenmajerów Polskiej Akademii Nauk]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Polska Akademia Nauk]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2025]]></dc:date>
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<dc:identifier><![CDATA[0080-4754]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/284800/edition/247889/content]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[oai:rcin.org.pl:247889]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:language><![CDATA[pol]]></dc:language>
<dc:language><![CDATA[fre]]></dc:language>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty]]></dc:relation>
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<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Creative Commons Attribution BY-NC-ND 4.0 license]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Licencja Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa-Użycie niekomercyjne-Bez utworów zależnych 4.0]]></dc:rights>
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