@misc{Szpak_Ewelina_(1980–_)_Warunki_2014,
 author={Szpak, Ewelina (1980– )},
 volume={12},
 editor={Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences},
 copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY-ND 4.0 license},
 address={Warszawa},
 journal={Polska 1944/45-1989 : studia i materiały},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2014},
 publisher={Instytut Historii PAN},
 language={pol},
 abstract={One of the consequences of World War II was a massive scale of destruction of the material space. Devastated buildings, streets, sewage systems, contaminated rivers, plagues of rats, mice, flies or bedbugs had a powerful impact on the sanitary situation of the following decades. Dirt and filth omnipresent in the public space (offices, schools, kindergartens, hospitals, stations etc.) began to be regarded in the mid-1950s as serious social problem posing a serious threat for health of the Polish people, already injured and weakened by the war and post-war epidemics. The present article attempts to answer the questions about the sanitary conditions and their changes throughout the 1950s and 1960s in Polish towns and cities. What were the problems most troubling people (and local authorities) and what were the changes in health consciousness and hygienic habits of Poles? The study also poses the question of how much legal regulations on hygiene and disciplining practices (among others, compulsory vaccination, inspections of institutions and places of work, penal sanctions) influenced the change of sanitary conditions of the country.},
 type={Text},
 title={Warunki sanitarne w powojennej Polsce : zarys problemów i dynamiki zmian (1945–1970)},
 URL={http://www.rcin.org.pl/Content/59747/PDF/WA303_78803_B155-Polska-T-12-2014_Szpak.pdf},
 keywords={hygiene - Poland - 1945-1970, sanitation - Poland - history},
}