@misc{Palik_Edward_Changes_2005,
 author={Palik, Edward and Przybyłowicz, Łukasz and Kosior, Andrzej and Król, Wiesław and Solarz, Wojciech and Witkowski, Zbigniew and Polska Akademia Nauk. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii},
 volume={48},
 number={2},
 copyright={Rights Reserved - Restricted Access},
 address={Warszawa},
 journal={Fragmenta Faunistica},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2005},
 publisher={Museum and Institute of Zoology, PAS},
 language={eng},
 abstract={Qualitative changes in the diurnal lepidopteran fauna of the Cracow area have been studied over a period beginning in the mid-19th century. Sources of data included the scientific collections of the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, PAS, some private collections and data from the authors' own studies (2000–2003). In the historical period covered by the study (three time intervals), a total of 99 species of Rhopalocera were recorded. Altogether, negative population trends were recorded in 46 species, including 27 species that withdrew from the study area; positive trends were demonstrated in 33 (including 20 new arrivals), and 20 species were shown to have more orless stable populations. The most powerful adverse impact was that exerted by natural factors (which affected 28 species), much less that due to a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors (in 8 species) or to anthropogenic factors alone (10 species). Some species of Rhopalocera manifested considerable adaptability to altered habitat conditions. Among the recorded species, 11 are under strict legal protection in Poland. The long term survival chances of endangered species could be enhanced by active protection of the habitats, with natural reserves as the most important measure.},
 type={Text},
 title={Changes in the species composition and distribution of butterflies (Rhopalocera) in Cracow (Poland) since the mid-19th century},
 keywords={changes in species composition, historical data, endangered species, urban fauna, urban animals, Cracow, Poland, Lepidoptera, butterflies, butterflies and moths, insects, Insecta, lepidopterans, Rhopalocera},
}