@misc{Dąbrowski_Krzysztof_Austrian_2021,
 author={Dąbrowski, Krzysztof},
 volume={30 (2021)},
 number={1},
 address={Warszawa},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2021},
 language={pol},
 abstract={The article presents the history and development of telegraphs inventedby the Scottish inventor and engineer Alexander Bain. The telegraph andits subsequent versions were known as I–V telegraphs. They were created beforethe invention of Morse’s telegraph and were soon replaced by it, as they wereconsiderably slower in transmitting the messages. One of the variants of I–Vtelegraphs was used in Austrian railways between the years 1846–1850. On theNorthern Railway (Kaiser Ferdinand Nordbahn), including on the route fromVienna to Bochumin, Bain’s telegraphs remained in use until 1886.},
 title={Austrian railway telegraph by Alexander Bain},
 type={Text},
 URL={http://www.rcin.org.pl/Content/232355/PDF/4-Dabrowski.pdf},
 keywords={A. Bain, A. Baumgartner, J.M. Ekling, C.A. Steinheil, austrian imperial telegraph office (k.k. Staatstelegraph), Bain telegraph, I–V code, I–V telegraph, Northern Railway (Kaiser Ferdinand Nordbahn), railway telegraph},
}