@misc{Strzyż_Piotr_Throwing_2020,
 author={Strzyż, Piotr},
 volume={33},
 copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license},
 address={Łódź},
 journal={Fasciculi Archaeologiae Historicae},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2020},
 publisher={Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences. Łódź Branch},
 language={eng},
 abstract={The invention of gunpowder and its use in projectile throwing is rightly regarded as one of the greatest, if not the greatest, innovations in the history of war technology. However, the first artillery, which we have some mention of in Europe in 1326, had to compete for a long time with various types of throwing engines used in military operations, especially sieges, successfully since ancient times. It was no different in Central Europe, where throwing engines were still used in siege in the 4th quarter of the 15th century. The article analyses written and archaeological sources confirming the simultaneous use of throwing engines and gunpowder artillery in the Kingdom of Poland and the Kingdom of Bohemia until the end of the 15th century},
 type={Text},
 title={Throwing Engines versus Gunpowder Artillery in Siege Activities in the Middle Ages – An Example of the Kingdoms of Poland and Bohemia},
 URL={http://www.rcin.org.pl/Content/153122/PDF/WA308_187531_PIII348_throwing-engines_I.pdf},
 keywords={Central Europe, Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Bohemia, Middle Ages, artillery, throwing engines},
}