@misc{Borgatti_Elena_A_2014, author={Borgatti, Elena and Krajewski, Wiesław and Viaro, Umberto}, copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license}, address={Warszawa}, journal={Raport Badawczy = Research Report}, howpublished={online}, year={2014}, publisher={Instytut Badań Systemowych. Polska Akademia Nauk}, publisher={Systems Research Institute. Polish Academy of Sciences}, language={eng}, abstract={This paper notes that the evolution of civilizations according to AJ. Toynbee can be explained by a simple feedback model that may be used as a stimulating "tool for thought". Even if the forward path simply consists of an integrator and the feedback path of a pure delay element, the model gives rise to a variety of responses, thus demonstrating clearly the counterintuitive behavior of closed-loop systems. The relation of the model with those used in control system design is pointed out.}, title={A study of history for control engineers}, type={Text}, URL={http://www.rcin.org.pl/Content/144893/PDF/RB-2014-21.pdf}, keywords={Charakterystyka skokowa, Feedback, Time-delay system, Step response, History of civilisations, Sprzężenie zwrotne, Systemy przesunięcia w czasie, Historia cywilizacji}, }