@misc{Kucharzewska_Joanna_(1973–_)_Modyfikacje_2019,
 author={Kucharzewska, Joanna (1973– )},
 editor={Łupienko, Aleksander (1980– ). Editor},
 editor={Zabłocka-Kos, Agnieszka (1957– ). Editor},
 editor={Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla},
 copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY-ND 4.0 license},
 address={Warszawa},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2019},
 publisher={Instytut Historii PAN},
 language={pol},
 abstract={Theatre Square in Toruń was formed in the second half of the nineteenth century as a result of general functional and spatial transformations that were undertaken after the demolition of the town’s medieval walls, gates and towers at the side of its suburbs. The main element of fortifications on the north was the Chełmno Gate, which had survived to 1889. In 1880, the German architect Johannes Otzen erected a monument in the promenade near the gate in honour of the fallen, which became the central element of the square until 1920. From the 1890s on, the particular frontages of the square were formed. On the east, a modern hotel was erected (Thorner Hof), and next to it, in 1901, a district administrative building was built (Kreishaus) to the design of the German architect Hugo Hartung. The square’s name was established in 1904, after the Municipal Theatre was constructed according to the design of the Vienna architects Ferdinand Fellner and Hermann Helmer. The medieval granaries, located on the southern side, were transformed into modern tenement blocks, and a corner building rebuilt by the architect Erich Lindenburger housed the saving association Vorschuss Verein. The Theatre Square in Toruń is a construct of imperial German town planning. It reflected the aspirations of local government to create a representative square as befitted modern times. It satisfied the aims of a small urban centre in the Prussian state which, despite the engagement of the town’s officials and intellectual circles, was able to create only a poor substitute of the metropolitan atmosphere of cities such as Berlin and Vienna. The representative and multifunctional character of the Theatre Square has been preserved to this day.},
 type={Text},
 title={Modyfikacje przestrzeni miejskiej na przykładzie placu Teatralnego w Toruniu : dziedzictwo materialne i treści znaczeniowe},
 URL={http://www.rcin.org.pl/Content/140651/PDF/WA303_175771_II14682_Kucharzewska.pdf},
 keywords={cities and towns - Poland - history - 19th c., cities and towns - Poland - history - 1900-1945, architecture and society - Poland - history - 19th c., architecture and society - Poland - history - 1900-1945, Theatre Square (Toruń, Poland), Kreishaus (Toruń, Poland), Thorner Hof (Toruń, Poland), Wilam Horzyca Theatre (Toruń, Poland) - building},
}