@misc{Bitner_Michał_Debt,_2015,
 author={Bitner, Michał and Cichocki, Krzysztof},
 copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license},
 address={Warszawa},
 journal={Raport Badawczy = Research Report},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2015},
 publisher={Instytut Badań Systemowych. Polska Akademia Nauk},
 publisher={Systems Research Institute. Polish Academy of Sciences},
 language={eng},
 abstract={This paper is devoted to comparative analysis over 1999-2013 of the local government (LG) sectors' debt, deficit (net borrowing), investment expenditure and operating surplus in EU countries, Norway, Switzerland, Japan and the U.S. The share of local government debt in public debt, changes in its expenditure structure and present dominating role of the sector in public investment were examined. The analysis includes finances of the whole LG sector - local governments and institutions of the LG sector during the period of 15 years. The analysis respects a variety of relations between "basic" budgets of LGs and financial plans of LGs' institutions and also smoothies out impacts of recession and changing relationships between the state and LGs. The approach uses the same methodology of national accounts, enables investigation of debt and deficit consistently with the EU excessive deficit procedure, and utilizes the same data base for the LG sector in EU and OECD countries.},
 title={Debt, expenditure structure and investment of local government sector in EU countries, Japan and the U.S. – changes over 1999-2013},
 type={Text},
 URL={http://www.rcin.org.pl/Content/110614/PDF/RB-2015-27.pdf},
 keywords={Local government finance, Finanse samorządu terytorialnego, Investment analysis, Analiza inwestycji},
}