Abstract - Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization PAS

Skip to main menu
Skip to search engine
Skip to content
Skip to footer

of 1

Economic climate, defined as a general characterization of the overall mood of economy which captures the status of the stock market, the perception of the economy by consumers, and the availability of jobs and credit, is discussed in this paper. Since broad spectrum of key players in society associate economic development with entrepreneurship, the perception of individuals and entrepreneurs on latter within Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia is researched. Source data on entrepreneurial attitudes, perceptions, activities and entrepreneurship framework conditions are taken from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2014, in order to conduct comparative analysis of mentioned four countries between themselves and in comparison with the EU averages. This analysis shows the overall economic climate for entrepreneurship on the country level.
Economic growth and development theories have neglected the role of knowledge and space for a long time. However, it is widely accepted that knowledge has played a more and more important role in economic development, and—due to its spatial characteristics—also in regional development. The aim of this paper is to explore some spatial characteristics of knowledge and their impact on regional development, especially in case of border regions. After some theoretical considerations, the paper investigates the features of universities’ cross-border cooperations in the Austrian-Hungarian border region.
Economic transformation has been gaining ground in the former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe since the change of system. This descriptive paper explores the locational patterns of enterprise in the Vilnius urban region during the post-communist transition of Lithuania. Cartographical techniques are used to map the changes that took place between 1994 and 2011. The results show a sharp increase in the number of enterprises in the urban core and a very modest increase outside this zone. However, the maps reveal divergent locational patterns for different sectors of the urban economy
Education level of farm managers is an important factor in agricultural development. A multi-functional development of rural areas and implementation of knowledge-based economy contribute to the increase of education level among rural inhabitants. This paper is an attempt of a quantitative presentation of agriculture-related education among farm managers in Poland and identification of trends observed in this matter between 2002 and 2010, with a particular emphasis on the Kujawsko-pomorskie Voivodship. The analysis accounts for the number of farmers in five categories of education level, i.e.: (1) no agriculture-related education; (2) agriculture-related training course; (3) vocational education in agriculture; (4) vocational education in agriculture and post-agricultural education; (5) higher education in agriculture (university/technical university, etc.). With reference to the duration of agriculture-related education, conversion rates were used for the purposes of the analysis, which enabled construction of bonitation index concerning farm managers. The study of spatial differentiation of the observed patterns involved natural, urban and historical determinants.
Effective management of geographical space depends on detailed diagnosis of all environmental conditions. The aim of the study is to present natural and demographic conditions of spatial management in selected rural areas and to assess their predisposition for development of agriculture, tourism and locating industry. Three selected communes of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship with diverse characteristics of natural environment and varied functional structure were examined The CSO (GUS) statistical data, available cartographic material, environmental studies and field prospection were employed. The analysis was conducted within two thematic blocks, including: • evaluation of selected components and characteristics of natural environment and its functioning, • evaluation of demographic and social phenomena. Environmental and demographic conditions for spatial management in selected rural areas are diverse. Evaluation of natural environment classification proves that all areas present mediocre predispositions for development of agriculture and Stąporków commune is the only one with considerable potential for tourism development and locating industry. The most favorable demographic situation for major forms of economy (agriculture, industry investment) occurs in Pawłów commune, while the least desired in Stąporków commune, where contemporary demographic processes can only favor tourism (e.g. leisure, health resort). Evaluation of local conditions of the natural and demographic environment allowed to indicate optimal directions for development of selected communes. This is only possible if the potential of the natural environment is properly assessed. However, economic development is impossible with the progressive degradation of demographic potential. Environmental and demographic determinants should be the basis when planning the functions of a commune.
Effective operating of local communities within a given area is to a large extent dependent upon the potential and capability of using local resources. One of the key assets and factors affecting local development is human capital rooted in a given community, particularly in local self-government authorities. The aim of this paper is to identify characteristic features attributed to the structure of local government representatives in rural areas of Poland. Spatial, temporal and functional variability of such structure have been considered. Description of analyzed space has been presented in the following aspects: interregional, diversification between historical regions as well as regarding intra-regional differences, considering the distance to large urban centers. The grounds for conducting analysis of diversity in the functional aspect has been provided by the functional structure of communes, allowing to distinguish 8 basic types of local economy. The time range taken into account encompassed terms of office for the period of 2002-2018. The subject matter of the study covered rural, urban-rural communes and town mayors including such characteristics as age, gender, type and education level as well as place of residence and stability of power. Obtained results allowed to identify a series of regularities regarding the diversity for each of the five listed features attributed to local authorities. Nonetheless, these patterns are less pronounced than in the case of residents’ electoral behavior diversity.
Emissions from various sources and favorable meteorological conditions associated with the advection of air masses, promote the occurrence of high concentration of particulate matter. Using data of mean daily values of PM10 and calendar of circulation types for Western Poland drafted by T. Niedźwiedź (2003), made it possible to show the most and least favorable situations occurrence of high particulate matter concentration. The most preferred situation for pollution accumulation is the advection from the southern sector. The lowest values of PM10 appeared in the case of northern types of circulation. It was also shown that exceeding the permissible daily values of 50 μg m−3 (according to Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe) occur much more frequently in the case of anticyclonic types of circulation. Mean values of PM10 in different seasons, confirmed the presence of the highest concentrations in winter, what is associated with an increase of emissions from municipal sector, as well as increase of frequency of circulation types from the South at this time of year.
Entrepreneurial human capital and entrepreneurship are crucial elements for the further development of rural areas. In order to understand the role of rural enterprises it is essential to learn the characteristics of successful companies in local economies. The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate through the introduction of the activity, everyday practice and production procedure how non-agricultural and non-tourism enterprises can foster the development of rural and peripheral areas in the Visegrad countries. Nine local enterprises of different size, profile and development pathway were examined in order to highlight main experiences and lessons being vital for and adaptable in other disadvantaged areas. The results and company descriptions provided in the article are based on in-depth interviews, online data collection and statistical analyses.
Entrepreneurship is one of core social and economic development factor in spatial systems, particularly at regional scale. This article presents results of analyses focused on the place and role of entrepreneurship in theregional development policy in the light of the National Strategy of Regional Development 2010–2020: Regions, Cities, and Rural Areas for Poland (the NSRD 2010-2020). Furthermore, key concepts of the Strategy werecontrasted with entrepreneurship-related concepts presented in the regional development strategies of two other countries – Finland i.e.: Finland’s Regional Development Strategy 2020 (FRDS 2020) and Bulgaria: The NationalRegional Development Strategy of the Republic of Bulgaria for the period 2005-2015 (NRDS 2005-2015). The analysis leads to a conclusion that the role of entrepreneurship in the Polish regional development strategy isunderestimated compared to the position it has in the Finnish and Bulgarian strategies; thus, it is necessary to increase its importance not only in the key assumptions of the strategy but also when implementing theseprinciples of the regional development policy in practice.
Europe is changing. The grand societal challenges which shape the European development have a considerable influence on our governance systems and the possible development paths in different parts of Europe, its regions and cities. Based on the results of the FP7 research project FLAGSHIP, this article discusses possible governance and territorial futures for Europe – constantly balancing between daydreams and nightmares. The end of this article contains a plea for shared territorial vision for Europe.
Euroregion Baltic faces strong depopulation pressure, with Poland and Lithuania both experiencing marked population declines, especially in rural areas, in the last 20 years – thanks to immigration abroad. Internal immigration to these countries’ cities is also taking place. While Germany, Sweden, Russia and Denmark have achieved temporary improvements in population indicators, this was thanks to their willingness to take in war refugees – a factor therefore incidental in nature, and not impacting upon an overall trend seeing people move out of rural areas in large numbers. With a view to this challenge being addressed in a more permanent way, research described here assessed whether the introduction of youth-policy measures might allow for better revamping of regional policies so as to persuade young people to remain in their regions. An assumption underpinning this work was that departure from a region reflects deficits in spatial justice, first and foremost an unequal distribution of infrastructure vis-à-vis education, housing, recreation, jobs, and so on. To determine which spheres critically underpin a decision to leave, young people’s preferences for their futures were studied under the CASYPOT project, involving 6 localities in four of the Euroregion’s states. In the event, the research was able to confirm a capacity on the part of youth surveys to deliver information on factors critical to decision-making that can be regarded as of value as regional policies are reorientated to try and ensure a higher level of spatial justice. The survey showed that factors most likely to prompt out-migration among young people relate to insufficient educational services and the inadequacy of the labour market.
Ever since Ravenstein’s work on the “Laws of Migration”, the determinants/drivers of migration--that is, the question: ‘Why do people migrate?’ – has been at the heart of migration studies. The exploration of migration/mobility processes also emphasizes the ways that migrants decide to leave and embark on their journey and how migratory practices may orient and motivate the (im)mobility decisions and aspirations of other migrant actors, establishing various ‘cultures of migration’ and creating new ‘imaginaries of mobility’ that shape future movements. The paper aims to explore the changing aspirations of migration that influence the migration decision-making of Romanian migrants and the way these are shaped by micro, meso and structural factors in both sending and receiving countries.

1
of
1

This page uses 'cookies'. More information