TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - In considering the process by which flash floods form, core information concerns the parameters of an area’s surface drainage system. That system is composed of elements of natural origin (rivers and valleys), as well as those of an anthropogenic nature (roads, ditches and rills), which together operate as a single drainage system at times of heavy rainfall. In line with this understanding, the work underpinning this article has focused on: 1) a characterisation of different types of DTM in the context of their application to detailed surface drainage system generation in small Carpathian catchments, 2) methodological aspects of DTM modification allowing elements of anthropogenic origin, such as roads, ditches and rills to be included within the surface drainage system, 3) a characterisation of the differences between the river system operating year-round and the surface drainage system functioning at times of heavy rainfall. The results reveal that the most popular DTMs, such as the SRTM, ASTER, TBD and SMOK, do not allow detailed surface drainage systems (including anthropogenic origin elements such as roads, ditches, etc.) to be generated. Such a goal may be achieved by analysis of a DTM generated on the basis of LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data. However, such a DTM includes certain “obstacles” (bridges, culverts, etc.) that modify real concentrated flow paths. A methodology for LIDAR-type DTM modification was therefore proposed, with this including: 1) selection and digitisation (as line-type vector data) of the said “obstacles” (on the basis of field data and analyses of aerial photographs), 2) characterisation of the vectors (“obstacles”) by reference to the four attributes of buffer, incision, channel and resolution) – Fig. 2, and 3) modification of the DTM through burning of the “obstacles” using the attributes mentioned above. Such an approach allows for the generation of a surface drainage system similar to that observed in the terrain. The surface drainage system in question was generated using the D8 algorithm, with the threshold values required for first-order stream generation being calculated on the basis of field studies following on from a rainfall event (26/27-06-2009). The methodology proposed in this study seems to be correct. The surface drainage system generated on the basis of the DTM in the Zalasówka catchment was composed of elements of anthropogenic and natural origin, and was comparable with the system operating at the time of the rainfall event examined. The results for the period of heavy rainfall revealed a surface drainage system 9 times more developed (at 13.7 km·km–2) than the river system (1.5 km·km–2). There were significant changes in the stream pattern reflected in the Horton and Schumm ratios. There was also increases in the maximum stream order, the bifurcation ratio RB, the length ratio RL and the area ratio RA; as well as a decrease in the mean length and mean area of the first-order stream. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/61802/PDF/WA51_81060_r2017-t89-z1_Przeg-Geogr-Kroczak.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 89 z. 1 (2017) PY - 2017 IS - 1 EP - 85 KW - digital terrain model KW - drainage network KW - flash flood KW - Carpathians A1 - Kroczak, Rafał A1 - Bryndal, Tomasz PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 67 T1 - Wykorzystanie numerycznych modeli terenu do generowania systemu drenażu powierzchniowego, funkcjonującego podczas opadów nawalnych. Podstawy metodyczne na podstawie studium przypadku zlewni Zalasówki (Pogórze Ciężkowickie) = Use of digital terrain models to generate the surface drainage network functioning during heavy rainfall. Methodological aspects based on the Zalasówka catchment (Ciężkowickie foothills) UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/61802 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - Digital elevation models (DTM) generated using data from airborne laser scanning (ALS) systematically displace models made on the basis of aerial photographs and topographic maps. Their greatest advantage is the detail and accuracy of mapping the terrain, especially under vegetation cover. Terrain models derived from laser scanning, presenting detailed microtopographic relief in 3D are only available in Poland for few years, so the researchers dealing with forms of relief (including geomorphologists, archaeologists) are just becoming familiar with them. A new representation of reality requires new methods and interpretive skills, but it allows to solve some of the known research problems and opens the door for further questions about the nature of reality. This article aims at presenting the specifics of this kind of models and methods of data interpretation and verification. Limitations and pitfalls arising from the applied technique are also identified. Discussion will be carried out on the example of materials acquired during flight mission over deserted villages in Polish Eastern Carpathians. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58013/PDF/WA51_78260_r2014-t38_PEK-Affek2.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 236 KW - digital terrain model KW - man-made forms of relief KW - LiDAR KW - Przemyskie Foothills A1 - Affek, Andrzej. Autor PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 217 T1 - Lotnicze skanowanie laserowe (ALS) w modelowaniu rzeźby terenu – nowe możliwości i pułapki = Airborne laser scanning (ALS) in terrain modelling – new opportunities and pitfalls UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58013 ER -