TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Treelines have long been recognized as important ecotones and likely harbingers of climate change. However, over the last century many treelines have been affected not only by global warming, but also by the interactions of climate, forest disturbance and the consequences of abrupt demographic and economic changes. Recent research has increasingly stressed how multiple ecological, biophysical, and human factors interact to shape ecological dynamics. Here we highlight the need to consider interactions among multiple drivers to more completely understand and predict treeline dynamics in Europe. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58263/PDF/WA51_78426_r2016-t89-no1_G-Polonica-Kulakowski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 89 No. 1 (2016) PY - 2016 IS - 1 EP - 15 KW - Picea KW - Larix KW - disturbance interactions KW - subalpine forests KW - climate KW - climate change KW - topography KW - pollution KW - snow avalanche A1 - Kulakowski, Dominik A1 - Barbeito, Ignacio A1 - Casteller, Alejandro A1 - Kaczka, Ryszard J. A1 - Bebi, Peter PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 7 T1 - Not only temperature: Interacting drivers of treeline change in Europe UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58263 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The Atlas of the Tatra Mountains is published by the Tatra National Park. This excellent work was elaborated by a team of 130 scientists from Poland and Slovakia. Abiotic nature in these mountains is depicted on 82 maps and 165 accompanying illustrations. The maps illustrate both the Polish and Slovak parts of the Tatras, and contain explanations in three languages: Polish, Slovak and English. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58260/PDF/WA51_78459_r2016-t89-no1_G-Polonica-Kotarba.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 89 No. 1 (2016) PY - 2016 IS - 1 EP - 121 KW - physico-geographic regions KW - climate KW - waters KW - geological setting and underground waters KW - relief KW - soils and types of natural environment KW - Poland KW - Slovakia KW - Tatra Mountains A1 - Kotarba, Adam PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 117 T1 - Abiotic nature of the Tatra Mountains: A new cartographic picture UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58260 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58258/PDF/WA51_78456_r2016-t89-no1_G-Polonica-Spyt.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 89 No. 1 (2016) PY - 2016 IS - 1 EP - 111 KW - snow avalanche KW - timberline KW - morphometry KW - remote sensing KW - Tatra Mountains A1 - Spyt, Barbara A1 - Kaczka, Ryszard J. A1 - Lempa, Michał A1 - Rączkowska, Zofia PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 91 T1 - Application of the timberline morphometric analysis for detecting snow avalanche paths: A case study of the Tatra Mountains UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58258 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The avalanches represent a significant and very dynamic process within the Tatra high-mountain landscape. Undoubtedly avalanche run-out distances play a key role in land use planning within avalanche prone areas. The Žiarska valley and Predné Meďodoly valley are considered as one of the most avalanche prone valleys in Tatra Mts. This environment represents an excellent opportunity for studying and modelling extreme avalanche run-outs. Primarily avalanche release zones were estimated by using an existing model proposed by Hreško (1998). This model was modified and calibrated for both valleys. The alpha-beta regression model developed in Norway has been used to estimate avalanche run-outs. Data processing and model calibration have been elaborated in GIS environment. Avenue script for ArcGIS was written to perform automated runout estimation based on alpha-beta regression model. Model managed to estimate run-outs on some slopes while it failed to model run-ups. Finally the results were visualized by creating the fly-through simulations and 3D views. Comparison between model calculation and avalanche cadastre showed correlation. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58257/PDF/WA51_78455_r2016-t89-no1_G-Polonica-Botliziar.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 89 No. 1 (2016) PY - 2016 IS - 1 EP - 90 KW - snow avalanche KW - GIS KW - run-out modelling KW - West Tatra Mountains KW - Belianske Tatra Mountains A1 - Boltižiar, Martin A1 - Biskupič, Marek A1 - Barka, Ivan PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 79 T1 - Spatial avalanche modelling by application of GIS on the selected slopes of Western Tatra Mts. and Belianske Tatra Mts., Slovakia UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58257 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - In order to recognise the variability of the snow avalanche danger in the Tatra Mountains, the danger levels on consecutive days with snow cover over the last nine decades were calculated. To accomplish this task, the longest series of meteorological data were used from the Tatras along with an empirical method for determining the regional avalanche danger on the basis of elementary meteorological data. The results point to the fact that over the last 25 years the number of days with a level 2 avalanche danger significantly decreased, whereas the number of days with level 1 increased. This should result in a decreasing trend in the incidence of small and medium-sized natural avalanches. In the structure of snow cover, the percentage of melt forms might increase. However, this should not correlate with a significant increase in wet-snow avalanches, because the number of days with wet snow also reduces. The contemporary changes in the snow conditions and avalanche danger in the subalpine belt of the Tatras have been primarily associated with an increase in the air temperature (shorter winters and less snow). L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58256/PDF/WA51_78448_r2016-t89-no1_G-Polonica-Gadek.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 89 No. 1 (2016) PY - 2016 IS - 1 EP - 77 KW - snow avalanche KW - avalanche danger KW - climate danger KW - Tatra Mountains A1 - Gądek, Bogdan A1 - Grabiec, Mariusz A1 - Rączkowska, Zofia A1 - Maciata, Andrzej PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 65 T1 - Variability of the snow avalanche danger in the Tatra Mountains during the past nine decades UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58256 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Snow avalanches are a common geomorphic process and natural hazard in the Southern Carpathians (Romanian Carpathians). The spatial distribution of avalanches is controlled by topographical factors, meteorological variables and human factors. This study examines the occurrence of avalanches in two glacial areas in the Făgăraş massif, Bâlea (on the northern slope) and Capra (on the southern slope). During the period from 1963 to 2015 a total of 27 serious avalanche accidents were recorded in the months November-June in the Făgăraş massif resulting in 76 fatalities and 50 burials/injuries. From these avalanches, we examined five major avalanche accidents: the avalanche of June, 1974 which caused 6 fatalities and 8 burials/injuries; the avalanche of April 17, 1977 which caused 23 fatalities; the avalanche of December 23, 1988 which caused 3 fatalities; the avalanche of December 28, 2002 which caused 4 fatalities and the avalanche of February 20, 2010 which caused one fatality and 2 burials/injuries. Our results indicate a good correlation between some topographical factors. On the other hand, an increase in snowfall and snowstorms in particular are factors responsible for one avalanche event; early snowfall and a sudden increase in temperature are factors responsible for two avalanche events and snowfall and a sudden increase in temperature are factors responsible for one avalanche event. Using the weather scenarios we found high snowstorm frequency in one case, early-season weak layers of faceted crystals and depth hoar in two cases and well above-average total snowfall for one case. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58255/PDF/WA51_78443_r2016-t89-no1_G-Polonica-Voiculesc.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 89 No. 1 (2016) PY - 2016 IS - 1 EP - 64 KW - topographical parameters KW - climate variables KW - human factors KW - avalanche accidents KW - Făgăraş massif KW - Romanian Carpathians A1 - Voiculescu, Mircea A1 - Ardelean, Florina A1 - Török-Oance. Marcel A1 - Milian, Narcisa PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 47 T1 - Topographical factors, meteorological variables and human factors in the control of the main snow avalanche events in the Făgăraş Massif (Southern Carpathians - Romanian Carpathians): Case studies UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58255 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The snow avalanche is one of the major processes that shapes the landscape of high mountains. A significant manifestation of its activity is changing the course of the timberline, whose course and growth disturbances constitute a good source of information about the history of avalanche activity. The aim of this study was to: i) detail the temporal and spatial reconstruction of snow avalanche events within the three surveyed couloirs in the Rybi Potok Valley, in the High Tatras, ii) analyse of the relationship between the relief of the runout zone and the course of the avalanches. Dendrogeomorphological, geomorphological and cartographic methods were employed here. Detailed geomorphological maps comprising the runout zone were prepared and use to divide the runout zone into subzones of similar relief. The dendrogeomorphological reconstructions of avalanche events were carried out on two scales, i.e. for the entire runout zone and for the determined subzones. The courses of major avalanche events in the studied couloirs over the past 100 years were reconstructed. A detailed dendrogeomorphological analysis in the subzones allowed the identification of additional local avalanche events whose extent had not covered the entire avalanche path. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58254/PDF/WA51_78440_r2016-t89-no1_G-Polonica-Lempa.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 89 No. 1 (2016) PY - 2016 IS - 1 EP - 45 KW - snow avalanche KW - relief KW - dendrogeomorphology KW - tree-rings KW - Tatra Mountains A1 - Lempa, Michał A1 - Kaczka, Ryszard J. A1 - Rączkowska, Zofia A1 - Janecka, Karolina PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 31 T1 - Combining tree-ring dating and geomorphological analyses in the reconstruction of spatial patterns of the runout zone of snow avalanches, Rybi Potok Valley, Tatra Mountains (Poland) UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58254 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The upper sections of avalanche paths (avalanche starting zones) in the Tatras are being transformed by morphogenetic processes, both secular and rapid mass movements, which include avalanches. The erosion niches and scars occurring within the avalanche starting zones are most exposed to these processes. A three-year monitoring of the impacts of these processes leads to the conclusion that, in the absence of dirty avalanches, the efficiency of secular geomorphological processes is low (max. a few cm/year). Such avalanches can clearly transform the relief as is demonstrated by the results of analyses of erosion niches and scars on orthophotomaps. Furthermore, it was found that the direction of relief changes (accumulation or erosion) in the Tatras is spatially and temporally varied, as well as varying within individual avalanche starting zones, and sometimes within individual erosion niches or scars. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58253/PDF/WA51_78427_r2016-t89-no1_G-Polonica-Raczkowsk.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 89 No. 1 (2016) PY - 2016 IS - 1 EP - 29 KW - morphodynamics KW - slopes KW - avalanche KW - starting zones KW - Tatra Mountains A1 - Rączkowska, Zofia A1 - Rojan, Elzbieta A1 - Długosz, Michał PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 89 CY - Warszawa SP - 17 T1 - The morphodynamics of slopes within the snow avalanche starting zones in the Tatras UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58253 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Public libraries in Poland are diversified. Some are repositories of knowledge allowing for in-depth study with vast and continually updated resources. The average citizen is served by a large network of libraries supported by local governments. Their basic task is to supply 'books to read' and to conduct educational-cultural activity. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of functions that libraries perform in the rural environment of Poland. The assessment was made on the basis of an analysis of the Central Statistical Office (GUS) data and reports derived from the Libraries Development Programme. This programme has been implemented in Poland since 2009 by the Foundation for the Development of Information Society and the Polish-American Liberty Foundation, which is a partner of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in a venture helping Polish public libraries with access to computers, the Internet and training courses. It was assumed that libraries serving rural population were those located in villages and towns of up to 20 thous. inhabitants. In Poland the accessibility of libraries as measured by the population number per library continues to decline, both in towns and rural areas. In 2002 this index amounted to 2,118, opposed to 2,555 in 2013. Two factors are responsible: a drop in the number of libraries and a slight increase in the population living in rural areas. There is no doubt that preserving a network of libraries in rural areas in Poland is necessary. Local governments are not generous patrons of libraries; on the contrary, they often liquidate them to reduce the costs of commune operation. Rural libraries prefer the educational function, thus replacing the school education system, but this takes place at the cost of their cultural functions. The model of the rural library as a centre of all kinds of information where one can learn practically everything – favoured in the western states – is still far from popular in Poland. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58071/PDF/WA51_78059_r2015-t40_SOW-Kolodziejczak.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 139 KW - libraries KW - functions of libraries KW - Libraries Development Programme KW - rural areas KW - Poland A1 - Kołodziejczak, Anna PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 129 T1 - Znaczenie funkcji bibliotek w środowisku wiejskim w Polsce = Significance of libraries' functions in rural environment of Poland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58071 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The openness of rural areas in Poland to sport, observed in the second half of the last century, constituted a derivative of the dynamic transformation process in rural culture. The appearance of the new socio-cultural phenomena of mainly urban provenance, which came alongside the physical culture in rural communities, significantly affected and changed the lifestyle of rural population. Nowadays, when sport is deeply rooted in rural areas, similar phenomena may be observed. A good example is the expansion of the ‘football culture' which takes place due to extensive presence of sport clubs, most of which promote football in rural areas. The article serves as an explication of the footbalisation phenomena in rural areas in Poland in geographical categories and attempts to go beyond predominant sociological perspective regarding that matter. The aim of this article is to point out the relations between the spatial organization related to sport event and fans' activity. The authors, taking into account the spatial aspect as inherent in football competition, make an attempt to analyze the location and the function of football pitches and stadiums in local systems using the concept of place's function in morphological, spatial, economic and social perspective. By the application of an interdisciplinary approach the course of further research on this matter has been identified and justified. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58070/PDF/WA51_78058_r2015-t40_SOW-Burdyka.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 128 KW - sports facillities KW - function of place KW - supporting KW - countries KW - sport KW - football KW - local community A1 - Burdyka, Konrad A1 - Burdyka, Krzysztof PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 115 T1 - Futbolizacja obszarów wiejskich w Polsce – perspektywa badań geograficznych = Footbalisation of rural areas in Poland. The perspective of geographical research UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58070 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Projects promoting transformation of education in rural areas, ranging from pre-school through the implementation of programs in schools, support new and adequate skills of teaching staff as well as investments in educational infrastructure are possible due to European Funds. Thanks to the activity of the commune and/or local leaders in rural areas it is possible to obtain EU funds to implement comprehensive measures to support existing educational institutions and establish new ones, retrofitting teaching base, including development of sports infrastructure, change in qualifications of teaching staff as well as investments in education infrastructure. The article presents an analysis of activities carried out using EU funds in three selected communes in the Łódzkie Voivodship, in the selected three rural communes: Drużbice, Grabów and Kowiesy, in the period 2006–2013 with respect to statistics on different implemented projects for the corresponding period and selected areas of education inequality. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58069/PDF/WA51_78056_r2015-t40_SOW-Gabryelak.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 113 KW - education inequality KW - EU funds KW - rural areas KW - educational opportunities A1 - Gabryelak, Ewa A1 - Psyk-Piotrowska, Elzbieta PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 95 T1 - Wykorzystanie środków unijnych w obszarach nierówności w edukacji. Na przykładzie działań wybranych trzech gmin wiejskich województwa łódzkiego w latach 2006–2013 = Use of UE funds in areas of education inequality. Examples of measures in selected three rural communes of the Łódzkie Voivodship in 2006-2013 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58069 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Due to the fact that Poland accessed European Union in 2004 its rural areas have been supported by a broad stream of structural funds. These, through various programmes and different financial mechanisms, have gradually contributed to the modernization of rural areas. One of the most effective means of this support was LEADER, whose recognition in Poland is the largest among all EU member states. This tool, which involves activation of local communities, has proved to be an effective response to the real needs of specific people – educational needs were considered especially important. The article analysed how and to what extent LEADER mechanism supports educational processes in rural areas. All 27.5 thousand LEADER projects implemented in 2007–2013 financial perspective in Poland were analysed. Both local development strategies and cooperation projects were taken into account. In the case of the latter, the educational component, however, proved to be of marginal importance. In the framework of the implementation of local development strategies educational initiatives accounted for a quarter of all projects. They included a variety of forms, however two main groups of activities were distinguished: direct and indirect support of education. Indirect support initiatives were in majority on a country scale as well as in individual LGDs (Local Action Groups) – both in terms of number and expense. Most of them involved constructing dayrooms in the villages. Countrywide projects directly supporting education were of a relatively minor importance. Analyses of the number and value of educational projects did not show significant spatial relationships. The universality of „hard” investments, especially rural dayrooms, which involve a large amount of funds unifies spatial structure image of the projects. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58068/PDF/WA51_78055_r2015-t40_SOW-Sykala.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 94 KW - LEADER mechanism KW - Local Action Group KW - education KW - rural areas A1 - Sykała, Łukasz A1 - Dej, Magdalena A1 - Wolski, Oskar PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 81 T1 - Wsparcie edukacji na obszarach wiejskich z wykorzystaniem programu LEADER = Educaation support on rural areas by means of the LEADER Programme UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58068 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The subject of this work concerns primary education in rural areas of the Małopolskie Voivodship. The research is particularly focused upon Miechów district, which is located in the south-western part of the Małopolskie Voivodship. The authors strived to present the impact of demographic conditions upon the network of schools in this strongly depopulating region and identify to what extend trends among population limit the accessibility to after-school activities for children and adolescents. The aim of this paper is to present the location and accessibility of primary education institutions in Miechów district and also to assessthe organization of after-school activities which is a major factor in ensuring equal opportunities of education among children and adolescents. As a result of unfavorable demographic tendencies, schools are being closed down. In the Małopolskie Voivodship 143 (12.3%) primary schools were liquidated over the years 2000–2012 and these include mainly small,ruralschoolsin agricultural areas. The number of pupils attending primary schools decreased even more. Between the years 2000–2012 the number fell by over 80 thousand (from 280 thousand to just under 200  thousand which constitutes 30%). The authors attempted to  determine essential information about children's travel to schools such as: residence place of children that are brought to particular schools, the average time of reaching school from where they live and the means of transport that a child chooses to reach the school. In 2008 the location of primary schools in the area of Miechów district allowed for relatively good accessibility within its borders. However, during the years 2008–2014 the spatial accessibility greatly decreased as a result of many institutions being closed down. The average time a child needs to reach school extended by 20% in the whole discussed area. The highest increase was observed in Kozłów commune, in which the time extended by 46% (to 3,4 minutes) and where 5 primary schools were liquidated. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58067/PDF/WA51_78053_r2015-t40_SOW-Gil.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 80 KW - accessibility to education KW - rural areas KW - Małopolska KW - primary schools KW - education A1 - Gil, Agnieszka A1 - Semczuk, Marcin PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 65 T1 - Dostępność edukacji podstawowej na obszarach wiejskich województwa małopolskiego– studium przypadku powiatu miechowskiego = Accessibility to primary education in rural areas of the małopolskie voivodship – case study of Miechów district UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58067 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Education level of farm managers is an important factor in agricultural development. A multi-functional development of rural areas and implementation of knowledge-based economy contribute to the increase of education level among rural inhabitants. This paper is an attempt of a quantitative presentation of agriculture-related education among farm managers in Poland and identification of trends observed in this matter between 2002 and 2010, with a particular emphasis on the Kujawsko-pomorskie Voivodship. The analysis accounts for the number of farmers in five categories of education level, i.e.: (1) no agriculture-related education; (2) agriculture-related training course; (3) vocational education in agriculture; (4) vocational education in agriculture and post-agricultural education; (5) higher education in agriculture (university/technical university, etc.). With reference to the duration of agriculture-related education, conversion rates were used for the purposes of the analysis, which enabled construction of bonitation index concerning farm managers. The study of spatial differentiation of the observed patterns involved natural, urban and historical determinants. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58066/PDF/WA51_78052_r2015-t40_SOW-Gwiazdzinska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 63 KW - agricultural education KW - Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship A1 - Gwiaździńska-Goraj, Marta A1 - Rudnicki, Roman PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 51 T1 - Stan i zmiany wykształcenia rolniczego kierowników gospodarstw rolnych w latach 2002–2010 w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim = Status and changes in agricultural education of farm managers in year 2002-2010 in the Kujawso-pomorskie Voivodship UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58066 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The article presents linguistic image of a villager in the contemporary Polish language. The study was conducted basing on definitions in general and specialized dictionaries of the Polish language as well as questionnaires. The analysis allowed to describe the stereotype of a villager in the consciousness of Poles, which is based upon a combination of grammatical and metaphorical meanings. Even in lexicographical studies there was a disturbing lack of separation of the colloquial understanding of the term – wieśniak (a villager, a peasant) – an ill-mannered, badly behaved man. In most lexicographical studies the grammatical component "man from the village" was built in the definitions and metaphorical understanding of the lexeme. The questionnaires conducted confirm this thesis. For respondents a villager is a resident of the village, characterized by: a lack of sophistication, cultural ignorance, use of dialect, vulgarity, lack of intelligence. The results are surprising, considering that half of the respondents live in the countryside and 99% have at least weekly contact with someone living in rural areas. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58065/PDF/WA51_78069_r2015-t40_SOW-Gaze.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 187 KW - linguistic image of the world KW - villager KW - cultural linguistic KW - stereotypifization KW - countries A1 - Gaze, Mateusz PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 181 T1 - Językowy obraz wieśniaka we współczesnej polszczyźnie = Linguistic image of a villager in the contemporary Polish language UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58065 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The article is a result of a study on needs and plans concerning youth of the Mazowieckie Voivodship, with a particular emphasis on rural residents. The survey was attended by secondary school students across the examined region. Questions asked in the survey focused on young people's perception of their place of residence, their anticipation for further education, career, and chances on the labor market. The study also allowed to examine factors that affect decisions of young people on their future in terms of family and professional life, as well as future place of residence. Research findings allowed to observe processes referring to theoretical concepts, such as the central place theory of Walter Christaller and growth poles theory of Francois Perroux. In the Mazowieckie Voivodship, Warsaw is the strongest growth pole that attracts young people in terms of career and place of residence. The most important factors determining young people’s decisions on their career path and place of residence are the possibilities of further education and feelings in terms to their labor market opportunities. The study results showed that students consider higher education as providing most advantage on the labor market. However, nowadays acquiring higher education does not ensure employment as much as several years before. Statistics of unemployment in Poland show that the growth in the number of unemployed is the greatest among people with higher education. Expansion of education opportunities and its accessibility have contributed to the increase in education level of rural population. The same circumstances resulted in the enhancement of their aspirations and expectations concerning employment. This is also the reason for the increasing scale of migrations, especially among young women. The reasons for migration of youth to regional growth poles, mostly to Warsaw and its metropolitan area, are: low attractiveness of rural and peripheral areas reflecting in limited opportunities for personal growth, low availability of various services and low transport accessibility. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58064/PDF/WA51_78049_r2015-t40_SOW-Strzelecki.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 49 KW - rural youth KW - Mazowieckie voivodeship KW - educational plans KW - professional aspirations KW - migration A1 - Strzelecki, Zbigniew A1 - Wysocka, Malwina PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 35 T1 - Rola czynników rozwoju regionalnego w kształtowaniu planów edukacyjnych i migracyjnych młodzieży wiejskiej województwa mazowieckiego = Impact of regional development factors on educational and migration plans of rural youth in the Mazowieckie Voivodship UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58064 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The aim of this article is to present the significance of higher education for changes in the Polish countryside. These transformation are – directly or indirectly – related to changes assigned to the value of education, as well as to structural changes in the entire system of higher education in Poland. Popularization and greater accessibility to higher education has undoubtedly affected rural youth and rural areas themselves. As a consequence, the areas that until recently had been marginalised were given an opportunity to 'catch up' in terms of educational and civilization progress. It was all possible certainly not only due to institutional changes in education system but also as a result of changes in the mentality of rural inhabitants, opening to new cultural trends and values – and last but not least – substantial aid from the European Union targeted at rural areas. The countryside has undoubtedly used this opportunity. Owing to a student-oriented broad opening of higher education institutions, youth has been given a chance to acquire their dream qualifications and higher education. The risk of unemployment has also been minimised. It is the young people of rural areas that became the most important beneficiaries as they were given an opportunity to develop, fulfil their ambitions and improve their qualifications. Although young people of rural areas still regard education as a means of social advancement, such dissemination brought them education in an unprecedented scale, while rural areas were given an opportunity to rebuild their elites. Among the negative consequences of these processes are more intense bonds with the town (through employment or residence), which are replacing the existing bonds with the countryside. The situation described may in fact be of dysfunctional nature for rural areas. It is true that an increasing number of people with higher education can be found in rural areas, yet most of them have a limited contact with rurality. Another negative function of higher education is that it shapes life and professional aspirations outside agriculture and encourages young people to leave rural areas. Higher education contributes indirectly to the unwillingness of rural youth to return to the countryside. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58063/PDF/WA51_78039_r2015-t40_SOW-Wasielewski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 33 KW - functions of universities KW - higher education KW - popularization of education KW - rural areas KW - value of education A1 - Wasielewski, Krzysztof PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 21 T1 - Funkcje szkolnictwa wyższego dla obszarów wiejskich – wybrane zagadnieniaz perspektywy socjologa = Functions of higher education for rural areas - selected issues from a sociological point of view UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58063 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The article discusses the issue of presentation concerning rural areas and agriculture in geography textbooks in two countries – Poland and England, which differ in both main assumptions of the geographical education, as well as works devoted to the problem of rural areas on scientific grounds. What is shared by the two countries is the fact that both in Poland and England, geography as a school subject is compulsory only for four years at the 3rd level of education. Only during this short period students learn about the nature of the discipline and the subject of its research. Textbooks analyzed in the article were regarded as areas of presentation of the geographical environment, which – in accordance to the concept of H. Lefebvre (1974, 1991) – like other media indirectly shape certain presentation of space. Comparison of textbooks' content related to agriculture and rural geography in Poland and England confirmed imperfections of Polish geographical education, which does not fully exploit potential of the discipline. Moreover, applied manners of presentation do not follow achievements of geography at the scientific level. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58062/PDF/WA51_78065_r2015-t40_SOW-Tobiasz-Lis.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 179 KW - image KW - countries KW - agriculture KW - textbooks KW - programme basis A1 - Tobiasz-Lis, Paulina PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 169 T1 - Obraz wsi i rolnictwa w polskich i angielskich podręcznikach do geografii = Image of countryside and agriculture in Polish and English geography textbooks UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58062 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - In previous studies on the development of human geography, the most commonly accepted historical model is a chronological description of the issues discussed, accompanied by characteristics of the most notable scientific works. A similar situation may be applied to the summaries of achievements in geography of agriculture. An attempt of subjective reconstruction concerning theoretical and methodological foundations is a much less frequently implemented model for assessing the achievements and character of the discipline. The development of agricultural geography research program in Poland can be seen as a set of successive sub-programs, whose history of introduction can be interpreted as a repeated procedure of reforming the hard core and creating a protective belt around it. The genesis and maintenance of the explanatory power of the research program by gradual expansion of the subject matter, while retaining the methodological discipline is an interesting case in the evolution of a scientific movement, its growth, blooming and decline. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58061/PDF/WA51_78032_r2015-t40_SOW-Wojcik.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 20 KW - geography of agriculture KW - methodology of geography KW - scientific research programme A1 - Wójcik, Marcin PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 7 T1 - Naukowy program badawczy. Studium przypadku geografii rolnictwa w Polsce = Scientific research program. Case study of the Polish geography of agriculture UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58061 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The aim of this article is to present the role played by the society in the decision-making process concerning development of rural areas carried out by local governments. Applying the knowledge on inhabited environment resulting from the experience of the participants in a given area, local authorities can shape the area more responsibly and accurately. The article indentified fundaments of this knowledge and its forms of transfer. It has been emphasised that knowledge can also become a basis for cooperation between public and private sectors. The value of rural inhabitants' active participation in the rural revival and the necessity of including this social group in the process of decision-making have been considered as well. Moreover, the article discusses forms of communication between inhabitants and local government due to the fact that the discussing skill is always an additional value in the context of implementing the process of rural revival. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58060/PDF/WA51_78061_r2015-t40_SOW-Staszewska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 167 KW - environmental knowledge KW - society at planning and management processes KW - rural revival A1 - Staszewska, Sylwia PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 159 T1 - Rola wiedzy środowiskowej mieszkańców w procesie odnowy wsi = The role of inhabitants' environmental knowledge in the process of rural revival UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58060 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Landscape-oriented education taking into consideration regional assets and cultural determinants plays a specialrole in the formation ofrural areas. A survey research conducted among students of Spatial Management, Landscape Architecture as well as Tourism and Recreation revealed differences in their perception of rural cultural landscape depending on the field of study. Students demonstrated gaps in their knowledge of cultural landscape, which could have a detrimental effect on their interpretation and formation of rural space in the future. A comparative analysis of "ideal countryside" essays and credit papers concerning conceptions of land development showed that it was necessary to exchange knowledge and experiences of students representing various fields (e.g. via inter-school workshops, common practices/field classes, project exhibitions). The research conducted and analysis of the syllabuses concerning the three selected fields have proven that landscape formation, especially in rural areas, should be taught as a separate field of study because the relevant knowledge imparted in the present form may become vague. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58059/PDF/WA51_78060_r2015-t40_SOW-Szczepanska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 40 PY - 2015 EP - 157 KW - rural areas KW - landscape and cultural heritage KW - syllabus KW - landscape-oriented education KW - regional and art education A1 - Szczepańska, Magdalena A1 - Szczepańska, Magdalena PB - PAN IGiPZ PB - PTG VL - 40 CY - Warszawa SP - 141 T1 - Stan wiedzy prokrajobrazowej studentów na tle treści kształcenia = Students' landscape-oriented knowledge in comparison to educational program UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58059 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58014/PDF/WA51_78261_r2014-t38_PEK-Regulska2.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 225 KW - landscape KW - conferences A1 - Regulska, Edyta A1 - Kowalska, Anna A1 - Kruczkowska, Bogusława PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa T1 - Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa Krajobraz z komputera. Modelowanie krajobrazu - nowe narzędzia, metody, typologie = National Scientific Conference Landscape from computer. Landscape modelling – new tools, methods and typologies T1 - Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa Krajobraz z komputera. Modelowanie krajobrazu - nowe narzędzia, metody, typologie = National Scientific Conference Landscape from computer. Landscape modelling – new tools, methods and typologies SP - 217 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58014 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - The aim of our study was to determine the nature of the relationships among the characteristics of earthworm assemblages, selected soil properties and the degree of landscape fragmentation against seasonal changes. The study area was located near Rogajny in the Suwałki Lake District, where 54 permanent study plots were established in a homogeneous field (Dd) and in a mosaic of small fields and balks (Dm). The earthworms were collected in spring and autumn over a two-year period (2007–2008), from blocks of soil measuring 25×25×30 cm. Soil samples were collected from the same sampling points as the earthworms. Both, qualitative and quantitative parameters of earthworm assemblages showed the same trends, thus appearing to be equally reflective. The complex arable landscape site supported higher earthworm diversity, abundance and biomass than the homogeneous arable landscape. The spring and autumn earthworm sampling campaigns revealed very different patterns. We conclude that species richness is determined mostly by spatial structure of agrocenosis mosaics, whilst abundance and biomass of earthworm community is mainly influenced by soil conditions. Comparisons between data and formulating conclusions should be made with great care, as these relations depend on the temporal scales to a large extent. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58012/PDF/WA51_78259_r2014-t38_PEK-Regulska1.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 216 KW - bioindication KW - agricultural landscapes KW - soil physico-chemical properties KW - earthworms A1 - Regulska, Edyta A1 - Solon, Jerzy A1 - Kruczkowska, Bogusława PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 201 T1 - Zooindykacja w badaniach krajobrazowych: relacje między wskaźnikami faunistycznymi a właściwościami gleb i fragmentacją pól uprawnych Polski północno-wschodniej = Zooindication in landscape research: relations among faunistic indicators and soil properties and fragmentation of arable lands North-East Poland T1 - Zooindykacja w badaniach krajobrazowych: relacje między wskaźnikami faunistycznymi a właściwościami gleb i fragmentacją pól uprawnych Polski północno-wschodniej = Zooindication in landscape research: relations among faunistic indicators and soil properties and fragmentation of arable lands North-East Poland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58012 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - In this paper an attempt is made to adapt data from the Global Forest Change project into an analysis of landscape coherence. A comparative analysis of selected landscape metrics for different ranges of values coming from the project was used. They were then compared with the results obtained from the use of CORINE Land Cover data, maps of woodland area and the Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS) information. The analyses were performed within Mikołajki municipality, which is characterized by a diverse structure of woodland patches. The Global Forest Change data are very detailed. Each pixel (approximately 19 m × 30 m) is ascribed the percentage of trees, which are defined as all vegetation taller than 5 m. The use of these data for an analysis of coherence requires a precise definition of boundary parameters – the percentage of trees and the minimum size of the patch – that should possibly allow an unambiguous determination of individual patches. The proposed method determined a relationship between values of selected landscape metrics for Global Forest Change data stated for different limit values of a percentage of trees, and the minimum size of the patch and values of these metrics for the remaining data used. A limit value of tree cover for one pixel (60%) was stated on a test area, with a value of the degree of coherence measure (Jaeger 2000) corresponding to a value obtained with data coming from CORINE Land Cover and a map of the woodland areas. The results confirm high granularity of the Global Forest Change project data, and hence the possibility of using them to analyze the coherence of landscape on a local scale, in terms of the mobility of the forest fauna. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58011/PDF/WA51_78258_r2014-t38_PEK-Gerlee.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 199 KW - Global Forest Change KW - landscape coherence KW - landscape metrics A1 - Gerlée, Alina PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 187 T1 - Metodyczne aspekty oceny spójności krajobrazu z wykorzystaniem danych projektu Global Forest Change = Methodical aspects of landscape coherence assessment using Global Forest Change project data UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58011 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - A digital photography and three-dimensional models were used in order to create a reconstruction of one of the oldest and most unique wooden Ukrainian churches, located in the village of Potełycz in Roztocze, as well as the church in Beniowa in Bieszczady that within years has vanished, and tombstones on the cemetery in Stare Brusno in Roztocze. Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques have been also analyzed with regard to landscape surrounding of those sacral objects. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the church’s interior and exterior on the basis of terrestrial photogrammetric is the most effective method of examining possible changes in its structure. The paper presents specificity of using digital photography and 3D technology for the purposes of rebuilding the churches, tombstones on cemetery and the surrounding cultural landscape elements. A model of specific plants was also created by implementing 3D technology. Using a number of digital modeling methods, the taken photographs were combined in order to find the most effective method of reconstructing the church’s interior and exterior along with its their surroundings. Appropriate use of all these methods ensures optimal results and preservation of the sacral objects in the future. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58010/PDF/WA51_78257_r2014-t38_PEK-Stepien.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 186 KW - photography KW - cultural landscape KW - three dimensional models A1 - Stępień, Adam A1 - Kozak, Hanna A1 - Kozak, Ihor A1 - Kociuba, Piotr PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 173 T1 - Cyfrowa fotografia i modele 3D w badaniach krajobrazów kulturowych = Digital photography and 3D models in the study of cultural landscapes UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58010 ER -