TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58014/PDF/WA51_78261_r2014-t38_PEK-Regulska2.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 225 KW - landscape KW - conferences A1 - Regulska, Edyta A1 - Kowalska, Anna A1 - Kruczkowska, Bogusława PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa T1 - Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa Krajobraz z komputera. Modelowanie krajobrazu - nowe narzędzia, metody, typologie = National Scientific Conference Landscape from computer. Landscape modelling – new tools, methods and typologies T1 - Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa Krajobraz z komputera. Modelowanie krajobrazu - nowe narzędzia, metody, typologie = National Scientific Conference Landscape from computer. Landscape modelling – new tools, methods and typologies SP - 217 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58014 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - The aim of our study was to determine the nature of the relationships among the characteristics of earthworm assemblages, selected soil properties and the degree of landscape fragmentation against seasonal changes. The study area was located near Rogajny in the Suwałki Lake District, where 54 permanent study plots were established in a homogeneous field (Dd) and in a mosaic of small fields and balks (Dm). The earthworms were collected in spring and autumn over a two-year period (2007–2008), from blocks of soil measuring 25×25×30 cm. Soil samples were collected from the same sampling points as the earthworms. Both, qualitative and quantitative parameters of earthworm assemblages showed the same trends, thus appearing to be equally reflective. The complex arable landscape site supported higher earthworm diversity, abundance and biomass than the homogeneous arable landscape. The spring and autumn earthworm sampling campaigns revealed very different patterns. We conclude that species richness is determined mostly by spatial structure of agrocenosis mosaics, whilst abundance and biomass of earthworm community is mainly influenced by soil conditions. Comparisons between data and formulating conclusions should be made with great care, as these relations depend on the temporal scales to a large extent. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58012/PDF/WA51_78259_r2014-t38_PEK-Regulska1.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 216 KW - bioindication KW - agricultural landscapes KW - soil physico-chemical properties KW - earthworms A1 - Regulska, Edyta A1 - Solon, Jerzy A1 - Kruczkowska, Bogusława PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 201 T1 - Zooindykacja w badaniach krajobrazowych: relacje między wskaźnikami faunistycznymi a właściwościami gleb i fragmentacją pól uprawnych Polski północno-wschodniej = Zooindication in landscape research: relations among faunistic indicators and soil properties and fragmentation of arable lands North-East Poland T1 - Zooindykacja w badaniach krajobrazowych: relacje między wskaźnikami faunistycznymi a właściwościami gleb i fragmentacją pól uprawnych Polski północno-wschodniej = Zooindication in landscape research: relations among faunistic indicators and soil properties and fragmentation of arable lands North-East Poland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58012 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - In this paper an attempt is made to adapt data from the Global Forest Change project into an analysis of landscape coherence. A comparative analysis of selected landscape metrics for different ranges of values coming from the project was used. They were then compared with the results obtained from the use of CORINE Land Cover data, maps of woodland area and the Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS) information. The analyses were performed within Mikołajki municipality, which is characterized by a diverse structure of woodland patches. The Global Forest Change data are very detailed. Each pixel (approximately 19 m × 30 m) is ascribed the percentage of trees, which are defined as all vegetation taller than 5 m. The use of these data for an analysis of coherence requires a precise definition of boundary parameters – the percentage of trees and the minimum size of the patch – that should possibly allow an unambiguous determination of individual patches. The proposed method determined a relationship between values of selected landscape metrics for Global Forest Change data stated for different limit values of a percentage of trees, and the minimum size of the patch and values of these metrics for the remaining data used. A limit value of tree cover for one pixel (60%) was stated on a test area, with a value of the degree of coherence measure (Jaeger 2000) corresponding to a value obtained with data coming from CORINE Land Cover and a map of the woodland areas. The results confirm high granularity of the Global Forest Change project data, and hence the possibility of using them to analyze the coherence of landscape on a local scale, in terms of the mobility of the forest fauna. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58011/PDF/WA51_78258_r2014-t38_PEK-Gerlee.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 199 KW - Global Forest Change KW - landscape coherence KW - landscape metrics A1 - Gerlée, Alina PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 187 T1 - Metodyczne aspekty oceny spójności krajobrazu z wykorzystaniem danych projektu Global Forest Change = Methodical aspects of landscape coherence assessment using Global Forest Change project data UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58011 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - A digital photography and three-dimensional models were used in order to create a reconstruction of one of the oldest and most unique wooden Ukrainian churches, located in the village of Potełycz in Roztocze, as well as the church in Beniowa in Bieszczady that within years has vanished, and tombstones on the cemetery in Stare Brusno in Roztocze. Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques have been also analyzed with regard to landscape surrounding of those sacral objects. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the church’s interior and exterior on the basis of terrestrial photogrammetric is the most effective method of examining possible changes in its structure. The paper presents specificity of using digital photography and 3D technology for the purposes of rebuilding the churches, tombstones on cemetery and the surrounding cultural landscape elements. A model of specific plants was also created by implementing 3D technology. Using a number of digital modeling methods, the taken photographs were combined in order to find the most effective method of reconstructing the church’s interior and exterior along with its their surroundings. Appropriate use of all these methods ensures optimal results and preservation of the sacral objects in the future. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58010/PDF/WA51_78257_r2014-t38_PEK-Stepien.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 186 KW - photography KW - cultural landscape KW - three dimensional models A1 - Stępień, Adam A1 - Kozak, Hanna A1 - Kozak, Ihor A1 - Kociuba, Piotr PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 173 T1 - Cyfrowa fotografia i modele 3D w badaniach krajobrazów kulturowych = Digital photography and 3D models in the study of cultural landscapes UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58010 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - The article presents the possibilities and perspectives of using a computer model to predict changes in forest landscapes, taking into account each tree with simultaneous analysis of large areas of forest compartments and airborne laser scanning data. The model is based on the combination of cellular automata approach with patch process models. The innovative nature of the work associated with the combination of modern techniques of remote sensing gives the possibility of statistical analysis and computer programming. Using the developed model after its verification on the data from the Świdnik forest district the prognosis of forest dynamics was carried out within the entire forest compartments. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58009/PDF/WA51_78256_r2014-t38_PEK-Kociuba.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 170 KW - ALS KW - cellular automata KW - forest KW - model KW - prognosis A1 - Kociuba, Piotr A1 - Kozak, Ihor PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 161 T1 - Zastosowanie autorskiego modelu komputerowego do prognozowania zmian w krajobrazach leśnych = The use of the original computer model to predict changes in forest landscapes UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58009 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - The application of LISEM for water erosion intensity evaluation is very wide. This model can be successfully used by hydrologists, geomorphologists and soil scientists. The simulations results concern not only erosion, but also eroded material deposition. For this reason it is possible to track changes in soil cover and morphometry of the studied area during and after rainfall. This assessment can be used in reconstructions, which takes into account wider intervals and also to forecast future changes. LISEM is created to simulate complex processes induced by rainfall from the moment they start till runoff/rainwater sinks in the studied catchment. Water supply in the form of torrential rain is analyzed for its subsequent movement along the slope. For simulation characteristics of soil properties, rainfall, type of land use and land cover, catchment morphometry was used. This complex information allows to generate the most accurate results of soil erosion and deposition. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58008/PDF/WA51_78255_r2014-t38_PEK-Kruczkowska.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 160 KW - soil material deposition KW - soil erosion KW - LISEM A1 - Kruczkowska, Bogusława A1 - Kołaczkowska, Ewa A1 - Regulska, Edyta PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 149 T1 - Zastosowanie modelu LISEM w badaniach naturalnych przekształceń środowiska = The application of LISEM in studies of natural environment transformations UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58008 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - The paper describes a problem of application of GIS tools and RS materials in research on tourism and recreation. The problem is discussed on the basis of the concept of ecosystem services. Focused on humannature relations, it deserve social and natural sciences methods to be joined. The paper discusses the problems of scope (natural, social) and scale (spatial, time, social). Examples of GIS and RS materials that could serve to gather data on ecosystem services for different forms of sailing are given. A big potential of such materials is presented. However, data obtained through GIS analysis often has to be combined with results of fieldwork. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58007/PDF/WA51_78253_r2014-t38_PEK-Kulczyk.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 147 KW - GIS KW - ecosystem services KW - remote sensing KW - tourism and recreation A1 - Kulczyk, Sylwia A1 - Woźniak, Edyta A1 - Kowalczyk, Małgorzata A1 - Derek, Marta PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 135 T1 - Zakres i skala w inwentaryzacji usług ekosystemowych dla turystyki i rekreacji na przykładzie żeglarstwa = The scope and scale of the inventory of ecosystem services for tourism and recreation on the example of sailing UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58007 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - This paper presents new methodology for landscape evaluation at the subregional level. The gap between the provincial and municipal levels is indicated as the most important shortcoming of the current system of spatial planning in Poland. This is an issue of particular importance for the preparation of landscape plans, especially for more than one municipality. The solution for this problem may lay in preparation of plans for functional areas e.g. metropolitan areas or catchments. Metropolitan Research Centre as a part of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań has attempted to create a planning document for the Poznań Metropolitan Area, which consists of 22 municipalities. During the work on the Study of the Conditions of Spatial Development of Poznań Agglomeration, a series of scientific elaborations were created. Among them, an important role was played by studies in the field of nature and landscape protection. The main aim of those studies was to identify visual landscape values. For the purposes of planning in very urbanized areas, it was assumed that the most important is the landscape viewed from the frequently used roads. The primary result of the study is the map presenting spatial distribution of areas which should be protected because of landscape openness. The Topographic Objects Database, scale of 1:10 000 and GIS tools were used in analysis. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58006/PDF/WA51_78252_r2014-t38_PEK-Lowicki.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 134 KW - landscape evaluation KW - visibility from the road KW - spatial planning KW - Poznań agglomeration A1 - Łowicki, Damian PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 125 T1 - Ocena krajobrazu na potrzeby planowania przestrzennego w Aglomeracji Poznańskiej = Landscape evaluation for spatial planning in Poznań Agglomeration UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58006 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - The paper concerns the new classification of landscapes carried out with regard to the level of landscape anthropogenic transformation and the intensity of landscape use. The paper presents the classification system and the results of its implementation in the Polesie National Park nature conservation plan. The European Landscape Convention obliges the Council of Europe member states to maintain or establish landscape quality features expected by the public, that is, to develop specific landscape quality indicators. One of the consequences of this provision is the need to identify and classify landscapes occurring on the territory of particular countries, analyse their characteristic features and identify the set of landscape quality indicators expected by the public in particular regions. The level of anthropogenic landscape transformation and the harmonization of landscape use constitute one group of such indicators. In the evaluation process of Polish landscapes, with respect to the level of their anthropogenic transformation, landscapes were divided into 3 types: natural, natural-cultural and cultural landscapes. Within each of them 4 subtypes were distinguished, in relation to the intensity of landscape resources use by the society and the resulting processes of degradation, balance (harmony), regeneration, or restoration of landscape systems. As a result, a 12-degre valuation scale was developed. Applying the scale to particular spatial landscape units makes it possible to create a map of anthropogenic landscape transformation level and the degree of landscape use harmonization (balance) in the investigated area. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58005/PDF/WA51_78251_r2014-t38_PEK-Chmielewski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 124 KW - landscape classification KW - nature conservation plan KW - Polesie National Park A1 - Chmielewski, Tadeusz J. A1 - Michalik-Śnieżek, Malwina A1 - Kułak, Agnieszka PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 107 T1 - Klasyfikacja stopnia antropogenicznego przekształcenia krajobrazu i jej zastosowanie w planie ochrony Poleskiego Parku Narodowego1 = The classification of landscape anthropogenic transformation level and its application to the Polesie National Park nature conservation plan UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58005 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - Geodiversity is understood as a variation of all abiotic components in geographical environment. Its evaluation in spatial analysis requires construction of a number of maps as well as data analysis. In these works GIS tools and programs are useful. In this study, many different tools were used: reclassification, vectorization, aggregation, intersection, as well as operations on attribute tables, for example field calculator or summarization. Using the possibilities of ArcInfo, ModelBuilder tool built GIS models that significantly improve work on the geodiversity valuing. Constructed models have been tested on the example of slopes. Once digitized, all the contour-lines (isohypses) from the map in a scale of 1:50 000, and the use of tools Raster to Topo, digital elevation model (DEM) with resolution of grid 20 m was made. DEM was the basis for generating digital terrain model (DTM) and maps of slopes. On the basis of these maps slope values were calculated (maximum, minimum, range), as well as number of classes (PR patch richness), number of units (NP number of patches), Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI), Simpson’s diversity index (SIDI) and roughness coefficients (R, Rw). Study area, covering an area of 288 km2, was a fragment of the Polish Lowland west of Toruń. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58004/PDF/WA51_78250_r2014-t38_PEK-Kot.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 105 KW - geodiversity KW - primary topographic attributes KW - Polish Lowland KW - GIS models A1 - Kot, Rafał A1 - Kot, Rafał PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 95 T1 - Zastosowanie modelowania GIS w ocenie georóżnorodności = The application of GIS modeling for geodiversity evaluation T1 - Zastosowanie modelowania GIS w ocenie georóżnorodności = The application of GIS modeling for geodiversity evaluation UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58004 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - For several years, attempts have been made to apply GIS in regionalization, both in deductive and inductive way. In the first group of deductive methods, authors concentrate on existing revisions of regional divisions, confirmation of regions names or unification issues. In inductive methods, authors concentrate on the analysis of regional boundaries determination processes. The main problem of the analysis is the subjectivity of determination for the course of the boundary and its rank. This situation depends, inter alia, on the proper terms and definitions used in the studies, status and generalization level of source data, versatility and sensitivity of methods used for research, different types of environmental structures in genetically and functionally various regions. The overall aim of the study is to verify the applicability of GIS functions and tools in physico-geographical regionalization (methods given by Richling 1972, 1976; Przewoźniak 1981, 1985) by rewriting the classic, manually proven methods into computer automated process. Minimization of subjectivity in regional boundariesdetermination is achieved by developing a working algorithm of GIS functions and tools. On this background, during studies on five areas in Pomerania (each 25 × 25 km), authors showed the existing sources of artifacts and defects in spatial data, which were used in the study. The procedure involves essential features and tools for vector and raster spatial data processing. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58003/PDF/WA51_78249_r2014-t38_PEK-Kistowski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 94 KW - landscape ecology KW - GIS KW - physico-geographical regionalization KW - landscape contrast KW - landscape and regional boundaries KW - Gdańsk Pomerania A1 - Kistowski, Mariusz A1 - Szydłowski, Jerzy PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 77 T1 - Problem zastosowania GIS w regionalizacji fizycznogeograficznej Niżu Polskiego na przykładzie wybranych obszarów Pomorza = Problem of GIS application in physico-geographical regionalization of Polish Lowland based on selected areas in Pomerania UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58003 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - Airborne Laser Scanning (Light Detection and Ranging – LiDAR) have proven to be a helpful tool in the analysis of mass movements. Even though LiDAR has been used in the environmental sciences recently, studies using these methods in the analysis of landslides are numerous. The aim of the study was to determine the ability to identify landslides in the commune scale based on spatial data from airborne laser scanning within the framework of “Information System of the National Guards against extraordinary threats” (ISOK). The assumption of the applied method was to determine the landslides areas, without fieldwork mapping, based only on data obtained from point clouds and afterwards to verify gathered results. Two researchers, lacking knowledge concerning study area, prepared the Digital Elevation Model from the point clouds and based on these data recognized the landslides as well as hazardous areas. The second part of the research team who previously made a detailed terrain landslides mapping in the study area had the task of verifying the outcomes of the first stage. Subsequently, combined analysis of mistakes made be the first part of research team was carried out and the capabilities and limitations of the method was established. Comparison of materials obtained from diverse data sources permit to perform two-way verification of conducted research. Mistakes coming from either vague parts of point cloud’ DEM or terrain landslide mapping in forested areas were recognized. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58002/PDF/WA51_78247_r2014-t38_PEK-Kroh.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 75 KW - LiDAR KW - digital elevation model KW - landslides KW - local community A1 - Kroh, Paweł A1 - Struś, Paweł A1 - Gorczyca, Elżbieta A1 - Wrońska-Wałach, Dominika A1 - Długosz, Michał PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 61 T1 - Identyfikacja osuwisk w gminie Łososina Dolna na podstawie danych lotniczego skanowania laserowego = Identification of landslides in Łososina Dolna commune based on spatial data from airborne laser scanning UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58002 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - The study provides an overview of contemporary approaches to assess forest above-ground biomass. A remote sensing method for assessing biomass using airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data is proposed by authors, since it has a verified technology that can be used to accurately assess above-ground forest biomass. The brief review of methods for detection of single tree using airborne LiDAR data is presented. We proposed and discussed a new tree-based approach for biomass assessment with the use of LiDAR data. Results of morphologic parameters calculations, conducted with the help of some automated methods are described. The results of experimental investigation confirm availability and correctness of the proposed method. The results of biomass calculation in FORKOME are presented. The proposed methodology was tested in forest areas in Poland. Perspectives for further research in order to improve the precision of method are outlined as well. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/58001/PDF/WA51_78242_r2014-t38_PEK-Popov.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 40 KW - airborne LiDAR data KW - biomass KW - DBH KW - single tree detection KW - FORKOME A1 - Popov, Mikhail A1 - Semko, Igor A1 - Kozak, Ihor PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 33 T1 - Estimation of forest above-ground biomass rate using airborne LiDAR data UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/58001 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - GraphScape is a stand-alone software that exploit vector maps of landscape mosaics. It identifies the shortest path between chosen patches. The shortest path is defined as the path with the minimal sum of resistances for patches and borders to be crossed. Three categories of resistances are incorporated to modify the minimum spanning tree: (a) Patch class resistance (based on the patch suitability for a given species and/or process); (b) Resistance of a patch-to-patch transfer (based on structural/ecological similarity of adjacent patches); (c) Resistance of the patch size and shape (based on a preferred patch size/shape metrics, e.g. the radius of gyration). When all the resistances are not determined (and equal one by convention) then the shortest path is defined as the path with the minimal number of borders to be crossed. On the basis of the identified paths some new landscape metrics are proposed for the Patch and Class levels, e.g.: [Mean] Number of Steps, [Transfer/Patch_Type/Patch_Size] Weighted Number of Steps, Path Elongation (=Weighted Number of Steps / Number of Steps), Path Sum of Resistance, Mean Path Sum of Resistance. Depending on the way of patches choice and resistance defining, the results are useful for identifying, describing and illustrating: (a) Patch and Patch class isolation; (b) Paths in the landscape; (c) Critical patches (nodes for many paths or with the highest resistance). The ecological sense and practical usefulness of the results depend of the kind and accuracy of the input map L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/57999/PDF/WA51_78241_r2014-t38_PEK-Solon.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 32 KW - GIS KW - graph analysis KW - landscape metrics KW - resistance of environment KW - model A1 - Solon, Jerzy A1 - Pomianowski, Wojciech PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 15 T1 - Program GraphScape – nowe narzędzie do analizy struktury przestrzennej i stopnia łączności w obrębie krajobrazu = GraphScape software – a new tool for analysing landscape spatial structure and connectivity UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/57999 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm N2 - Before the widespread use of computers, landscape studies required much more work and time. They were characterized by a tendency to formalize and standardize the procedures. During this period, in Poland, solutions accepted and used by most researchers have been developed, also a number of basic textbooks has been published. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/57998/PDF/WA51_78240_r2014-t38_PEK-Richling.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 13 KW - landscape KW - history KW - computer A1 - Richling, Andrzej PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 5 T1 - Polskie badania nad krajobrazem w okresie przedkomputerowym = Polish landscape research in the pre-computer period UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/57998 ER - TY - GEN N1 - Bibliogr. N1 - Summ. eng. N1 - 244 p. : il. (color.) ; 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/57997/PDF/WA51_78239_r2014-t38_PEK-Spis-tresci.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Current methods in landscape research J2 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38 PY - 2014 EP - 4 KW - landscape ecology KW - landscape KW - Geographic Information Systems A1 - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. A1 - Regulska, Edyta. Red. A1 - Solon, Jerzy (1954– ). Red. A1 - Affek, Andrzej. Red. A1 - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Asocjacja Ekologii Krajobrazu PB - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego. VL - 38 CY - Warszawa SP - 3 T1 - Problemy Ekologii Krajobrazu = The Problems of Landscape Ecology, t. 38, Spis treści UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/57997 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Błażejczyk, Krzysztof A1 - Kuchcik, Magdalena A1 - Milewski, Paweł A1 - Dudek, Wojciech A1 - Kręcisz, Beata A1 - Błażejczyk, Anna A1 - Szmyd, Jakub A1 - Degórska, Bożena A1 - Pałczyński, Cezary A1 - Wydawnictwo Akademickie SEDNO A1 - Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PB - Wydawnictwo Akademickie SEDNO PB - Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN N1 - 171 p. : il. color. ; 24 cm N1 - Bibliogr. pp. 155-165 L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/56055/PDF/WA51_74963_r2014_Miejska-wyspa-ciepla.pdf CY - Warszawa PY - 2014 KW - urban heat island KW - thermal balance KW - climate KW - urban climate KW - Warsaw KW - Poland T1 - Miejska wyspa ciepła w Warszawie : uwarunkowania klimatyczne i urbanistyczne UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/56055 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - By the appearance of the new innovations of information and communication technologies a transformation process has got started, which have changed our opinion on spatiality. Geographical features and inequality processes as well as the role of information fl ow and ICT infrastructure were altered modern spatial differences. This paper evaluates the spatial characteristics of the information economy and society, and emphasises new elements by the application of the terms of spatial sciences (e.g. space, place, distance etc.). It is also important to describe traditional and new features within the role that information economy and society or ICTs play in regional differences. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55825/PDF/WA51_75510_r2009-t19_EuropaXXI-Jakobi.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 19 (2009) PY - 2009 EP - 102 KW - information and communication technologies KW - geography of information society KW - information networks KW - death of geography KW - geography matters A1 - Jakobi, Ákos PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 19 CY - Warszawa SP - 93 T1 - Evaluation of spatial categories and regional inequalities in the information age UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55825 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - The paper aims at analysing the role of entrepreneurship in the educational strategy of European Union as well as the position of business education in the systems of national education in selected European states in relation to the level of entrepreneurial development in these countries, measured by the indexes of the number of firms per person according to various size classes. An attempt will be made to determine to what degree the guidelines and objectives of business education in particular countries create favourable conditions for growing new firms, especially in the SME sector. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55824/PDF/WA51_75525_r2009-t19_EuropaXXI-Kurek.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 19 (2009) PY - 2009 EP - 142 KW - enterpreneurship KW - business education KW - educational strategy KW - enterpreneurial development KW - SMEs KW - European Union A1 - Kurek, Sławomir A1 - Rachwał, Tomasz PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 19 CY - Warszawa SP - 127 T1 - The role of business education in the development of entrepreneurship in the Member States of the European Union UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55824 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - The importance of developing global and local networks and business clusters between fi rms and companies in order to reach competitiveness has recently become one of the most significant issues in modern economies. Geography plays an important role in this field because it places all these networks into particular space and territory, giving them specific characteristics. In the last two decades, firms and regions have actively engaged in networks to survive in global markets and to pursue sustainable development. However, due to the individualism of companies and the lack of knowledge of potential benefits of networking, cluster theories are still neglected as a tool for enhancing the regions` qualities and competitiveness in less developed countries. Furthermore, the theoretical information is not systematized but rather fragmented, it is insufficient and empirical studies are limited, too. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of networking and to provide a kind of background theory for further empirical research. First of all, it will summarize basic knowledge and theories about clusters and networks based on available literary sources. Clusters are not easy to defi ne and their classification is also not so clear, therefore this paper endeavours to clarify basic definitions, dynamics and typology of clusters and levels of networks so that it can serve as a conceptual frame for further empirical research. Finally, it will try to examine whether such clusters and networks do really exist in the Slovakian context and if they do, then whether they are comparable to those in Western European countries. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55823/PDF/WA51_75522_r2009-t19_EuropaXXI-Nemethyova.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 19 (2009) PY - 2009 EP - 126 KW - clusters KW - cluster policy KW - regional development KW - networks KW - Slovakia A1 - Némethyová, Barbora A1 - Dolná, Zuzana PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 19 CY - Warszawa SP - 111 T1 - Clusters as a tool of cooperation and formation of regional networks: evidences from Slovakia UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55823 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - Recently, it has been claimed that spatial inequalities in Hungary had by far not reduced, but signifi cantly increased since 1990. The inefficiency of Hungarian regional development in the reduction of spatial inequalities, in the past two decades has been caused by several different reasons. Functional deficiency of the local institutions of the regional development network is one of the most characteristic reasons, which led to this situation. Network members at the next planning turnover should be able to change the attitudes catalyse the changes necessary, being able to contribute to the realisation of a planning practice based on community development. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55822/PDF/WA51_75520_r2009-t19_EuropaXXI-Jasz.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 19 (2009) PY - 2009 EP - 110 KW - spatial inequality KW - network KW - community development A1 - Jász, Krisztina PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 19 CY - Warszawa SP - 103 T1 - Exclusion and networks. The responsibilities of the actors in Hungarian spatial planning for the mitigation of exclusion UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55822 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - The paper aims to understand the morphological transformation of the urban network of Wrocław caused by the rapid development and urban growth impacts. In an attempt to investigate the reason for morphological transformation of Wrocław urban network, the study focuses on the analysis of their spatial transformation through the comparative syntactic analysis during the historic process of growth of Wrocław. The spatial analysis based on ‘Space Syntax’ theories and techniques. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55821/PDF/WA51_75506_r2009-t19_EuropaXXI-Saeid.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 19 (2009) PY - 2009 EP - 89 KW - spatial morphology KW - urban network KW - urban growth KW - Space Syntax Theory KW - Wrocław A1 - Saeid, Ahmed. A. H. A1 - Masztalski, Robert PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 19 CY - Warszawa SP - 71 T1 - Spatial analysis of urban network of Wrocław UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55821 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - If it is to be argued that concentrating on providing support to largest urban centres is one of the main methods of stimulating the socio-economic development of Eastern Poland, it would seem necessary to first check, if since 1989, in the conditions of market economy, their so far observed development did indeed have an effect on their hinterland. Using the example of Rzeszów, the capital of Podkarpackie region, the authors delimit the strength, character and directions of impact of a capital of a semi-peripheral region. Basing their reasoning on the research of the range of the daily urban system, a zone of strongest influence and metropolitan effects of Rzeszów was delimited. Next, the dynamics of change in the level of life and the level of development of municipalities in the zone as compared to other areas of the Podkarapackie region were measured. Though as demonstrated by research results, within the area of strong spatial influence of Rzeszów positive spread effects dominate, metropolitan functions in the city’s hinterland are weakly developed. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55820/PDF/WA51_75505_r2009-t19_EuropaXXI-Makiela.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 19 (2009) PY - 2009 EP - 70 KW - metropolisation KW - development KW - hinterland KW - competitiveness A1 - Makieła, Zbigniew A1 - Sobala-Gwosdz, Agnieszka PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 19 CY - Warszawa SP - 57 T1 - The influence of metropolitan areas on regional development. Rzeszów as compared to other metropolitan areas in Eastern Poland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55820 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - City crisis has been a subject of urban debates in both Anglo-Saxon and German space. “Shrinking city” (schrumpfende Stadt) term was developed in Germany and means a persistent urban crisis which is characterized by depopulation and worsening economic conditions. Nowadays, often, the only determinant for calling a city as shrinking is a population decrease. Such understanding might be misleading. In the Author’s view age structure of population is at least as important for the city economic performance and physical development as its quantitative change. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55819/PDF/WA51_75504_r2009-t19_EuropaXXI-Ciesla.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 19 (2009) PY - 2009 EP - 56 KW - urban crisis KW - urban decline KW - shrinkig city KW - cities' depopulation KW - Eastern Germany KW - demographic structure KW - aging KW - shrinking society A1 - Cieśla, Agnieszka PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 19 CY - Warszawa SP - 45 T1 - “Shrinking city” – term to be verified? UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55819 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - Since 1990, Polish municipalities have exercised planning power in terms of deciding on the ways of their economic and spatial development. Results of dynamic and sometimes uncontrolled, spontaneous development processes cross the borders of municipalities bringing problems, that can not be addressed, and solved by one municipality. Polish legislation provides legal basis for cooperation of municipalities: they may establish common goals’ unions and associations in order to deal with problems that are important for more than one municipality. However, experience of the last several years proves that cooperation among municipalities is not an easy task. It creates problems especially within functional urban areas, including metropolitan ones. In this paper, the issue of cooperation among municipalities from the Warsaw Metropolitan Area (WMA) is addressed using the perspective of networking and formulation of common development policy. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55818/PDF/WA51_75503_r2009-t19_EuropaXXI-Grochowski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 19 (2009) PY - 2009 EP - 44 KW - intermunicipal cooperation KW - metropolitan areas KW - networking KW - management of urban development A1 - Grochowski, Mirosław PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 19 CY - Warszawa SP - 31 T1 - Cooperation and networking in metropolitan areas from community of problems to community of common interests in the Warsaw Metropolitan Area UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55818 ER -