TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/29181/PDF/WA51_49370_r2012-t85-no3_G-Polonica-Lesniak.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 85 No. 3 (2012) PY - 2012 IS - 3 EP - 54 KW - competitiveness KW - cross-border cooperation KW - Polish-German borderland A1 - Leśniak-Johann, Małgorzata A1 - Raczyk, Andrzej PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 85 CY - Warszawa SP - 37 T1 - The competitive position of border areas in relation to the Polish and German regions UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/29181 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - The national border between Poland and Ukraine is a typical subsequent boundary, delimited after World War II as the then border between Poland and the Soviet Union. Since May 1st 2004, it has been the external European Union border, and since December 21st 2007—of the Schengen Area. It constitutes an interesting research object in terms of its methodological, cognitive and applicational characteristics. This paper comprises deliberations pertaining to the three aspects mentioned above. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55800/PDF/WA51_75567_r2010-t20_EuropaXXI-Miszczuk.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 20 (2010) PY - 2010 EP - 87 KW - Polish-Ukrainian borderland KW - cross-border cooperation KW - Poland KW - Ukraine A1 - Miszczuk, Andrzej PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 20 CY - Warszawa SP - 75 T1 - The Polish-Ukrainian border as a methodological, cognitive and applicational Challenge UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55800 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - This paper presents selected problems on Polish-Russian cross-border cooperation based on the example of Vistula Lagoon (historical, political and economical background, environmental factors, relationships after May 1st 2004, when the boundary has been the external European Union border). L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55798/PDF/WA51_75565_r2010-t20_EuropaXXI-Palmowski.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 20 (2010) PY - 2010 EP - 63 KW - Vistula Lagoon KW - cross-border cooperation KW - border and Baltic shipments A1 - Palmowski, Tadeusz PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 20 CY - Warszawa SP - 55 T1 - Selected problems on Polish-Russian cross-border cooperation based on the example of the Vistula Lagoon UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55798 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - Economic growth and development theories have neglected the role of knowledge and space for a long time. However, it is widely accepted that knowledge has played a more and more important role in economic development, and—due to its spatial characteristics—also in regional development. The aim of this paper is to explore some spatial characteristics of knowledge and their impact on regional development, especially in case of border regions. After some theoretical considerations, the paper investigates the features of universities’ cross-border cooperations in the Austrian-Hungarian border region. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55786/PDF/WA51_75873_r2010-t21_EuropaXXI-Smaho.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 21 (2010) PY - 2010 EP - 75 KW - knowledge KW - universities KW - cross-border cooperation KW - Austrian-Hungarian border region A1 - Smahó, Melinda PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 21 CY - Warszawa SP - 63 T1 - Inter universities cooperations in the Austrian-Hungarian border region UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55786 ER - TY - GEN N1 - p. 113-134 L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/31089/PDF/WA51_50269_r2012-t22_EuropaXXI-Nagy.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 22 (2012) PY - 2012 EP - 125 KW - Western Balcan KW - cross-border cooperation KW - environment protection KW - nature protection A1 - Nagy, Imre PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 22 CY - Warszawa SP - 115 T1 - Environmental Problems of the Western Balkan Region and the Regional Aspects of Transboundary Risks UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/31089 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - Cross-border cooperation – as objective 3 of cohesion policy since the 2007-2013 programming period – plays a key role in promoting Europeanisation, which is especially important in case of Central Europe that is dominated by small national states. Target areas of cross-border cooperation are the NUTS 3 units located along the state borders. As project generation, decision making and implementation is overwhelmingly done on regional level, territorial governance structures are decisive from cross-border cooperation point of view. The paper focuses on two programmes – the Slovenia-Austria and the Hungary-Croatia – whose target areas are lacking large urban centres, middle-size and small towns make up the backbone of the settlement network. The involved countries are very diverse in regional governance structures. Austria is a federal state with strong regional governments. Croatia and Hungary are unitary states with limited capacities on regional level. Slovenia is, again, a unitary state that lacks medium level of government, therefore the local level is the carrier of cross-border cooperation. Aim of the paper is to identify how different systems of territorial governance are reflected in the implementation of the programme and the allocation of funding. After presenting the premises of cross-border cooperation and a brief outline of the two programmes a quantified analysis will be presented based on primary ex-post programme data of the 2007-2013 Slovenia-Austria and Hungary-Croatia cross-border cooperation programmes. Analysis is conducted on LAU 2 level in order to show how different categories of the settlement structure contribute in terms of cooperation activity and absorption and how it is distributed between different types of beneficiary organisations. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/72535/PDF/WA51_94758_r2018-t35_EuropaXXI-Pamer.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 35 (2018) PY - 2018 EP - 126 KW - cohesion policy KW - territorial governance KW - cross-border cooperation KW - Central European countries A1 - Pámer, Zoltán. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 35 CY - Warszawa SP - 111 T1 - How governance counts? Comparative analysis of activity and funding patterns of Central European cross-border cooperation programmes UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/72535 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - Political boundaries represent a universal phenomenon and key element by which social and economic phenomena existing across space are structured. But both the presence and the nature (role, function, etc.) of borders are seen to vary temporally and spatially, with differentiated attendant consequences for socio-economic development. The present article relates to state borders, which separate certain areas off from others, while at the same time constituting meeting points and points of contact between them. While this would hold true whether we perceive the said borders as lines, areas or zones, the modern-day approach to borders is a multi-dimensional one that treats them as socio-spatial constructs revealing and articulating differentiation that truly exists. It is possible to note two opposing cause-and-effect processes here. On the one hand, there are different divisions and boundaries between many socio-economic and even natural phenomena that sanction the existence and locations of borders; while on the other the very existence of state borders establishes or reinforces the existence of other, new divisions that can be regarded as boundaries (even as they are not now necessarily state borders as such). I trust that this argumentation helps capture the essence of the geography present in considerations of boundaries and borders; as well as its changing but ever-important role, while at the same time generating opportunities for further research, and for the ongoing observation of the diverse processes linking up with the existence of borders. Variability and change of function would seem to offer a key to the understanding of the significances of borders and the influences they exert, as regards the border landscape, neighbourly (international) relations and phenomena of a socio-economic nature. In that light, four functions for borders are in fact proposed here – as barriers, peripheries, lines of differentiation and axes of integration. Each change has knock-on implications for transformations of function in regard to both borders as such and the areas adjacent to them. Thus, by making assumptions as to the fundamental aspects characterising variations in the nature of borders, it has been possible here to come up with proposals regarding the consequences these will bring with them. And even as a process whereby a border opens up is underway and integration is ensuing, it is still possible that change as a whole will falter or even stall, should issues arise locally (e.g. through conflict or other negative events), nationally (e.g. through unilateral or bilateral severing of agreements), or globally (e.g. thanks to external threat, a desire to protect domestic markets or a migration crisis). For these reasons, geopolitical considerations will always reign supreme over other borderland phenomena, determining directions of development and possibilities for borders (and adjacent areas) to function. In that light, this article stresses the still-relevant need for borders, borderlands and relevant ongoing processes to be made subject to theoretical conceptualisation and processing. And this would be true as regards, not only the spatial extent or scope of borderland areas, but also the changing conditioning, consequences and actions. In this, a challenge that continues to be present entails the founding of theoretical concepts for the borderland that draw on selected paradigms and stress the role and importance of border and borderland geography, along with its key subjects of interest. And, where the study of borders being pursued in Poland is concerned, it needs to be hoped that a new trajectory may be found and followed, with each conceptualisation exerting a summarising or theorising impact proving of value as form is given to a full new theory for the development of borders and borderlands in Poland and its neighbouring countries, with account taken, not merely of recent decades, but of a much longer time period. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/111569/PDF/WA51_138532_r2019-t91-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Wieckows.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 91 z. 4 (2019) PY - 2019 IS - 4 EP - 466 KW - state border KW - barrier KW - peripheries KW - cross-border cooperation KW - Poland KW - European Union A1 - Więckowski, Marek (1971– ). Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 91 CY - Warszawa SP - 443 T1 - Od barier i izolacji do sieci i przestrzeni transgranicznej – konceptualizacja cyklu funkcjonowania granic państwowych = From barriers and isolation to transboundary space and networks – conceptualising ways in which state borders function UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/111569 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - The globalisation of economic relations in conjunction with the European integration process has resulted in the creation of strategic networks between cities and regions on a transnational level. The overall motivation is to combine strengths and to balance weaknesses in order to compete with other spaces. In this context, the Polish-German “Oder Partnership” created in 2006 between four voivodships and four federal states including Berlin may be interpreted as a transborder strategy to foster economic development in from a European perspective deprived regions. A look on its first steps shows the potentials of the network tool as well as obstacles on the long way to the creation of stable cooperation structures L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55804/PDF/WA51_75645_r2010-t20_EuropaXXI-Tolle.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 20 (2010) PY - 2010 EP - 144 KW - strategic networks KW - cooperation space KW - transnational cooperation KW - European regions KW - Polish-German cross-border cooperation KW - Oder Partnership A1 - Tölle, Alexander PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 20 CY - Warszawa SP - 131 T1 - Networking in a transnational cooperation space—the case of the Oder Partnership UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55804 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/29180/PDF/WA51_49369_r2012-t85-no3_G-Polonica-Dolzblasz.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 85 No. 3 (2012) PY - 2012 IS - 3 EP - 36 KW - transborder relations KW - cross-border cooperation KW - transborder competition KW - borderland region KW - Polish-German borderland A1 - Dołzbłasz, Sylwia PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 85 CY - Warszawa SP - 23 T1 - Transborder relations between territorial units in the Polish‑Germanborderland UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/29180 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The work detailed in this article sought to determine the nature of the transborder cooperation ongoing in Poland’s eastern borderland, focusing in particular on the transborder network. Research encompassed analysis of the scope of cooperation in terms of subject matter and type of beneficiary, as well as analysis of the transborder cooperation network using SNA. All beneficiaries and projects pursued under the Poland-Belars-Ukraine 2007-2013 Cross-Border Cooperation Programme within the framework of the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument were examined. Cooperation structures in the Polish-Ukrainian-Belarusian borderland area were then compared with those in the Polish-Czech and Polish-Slovak border areas. Results showed that, while the pursuit of common projects contributed to intensified connections in the Polish-Belarusian-Ukrainian borderland area, the transborder cooperation is much influenced by the strong formalisation of the EU’s external border, and by formal-legal regulations in the neighbouring countries. The cooperation network in the eastern borderland of Poland thus differs greatly from those in the south. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/64177/PDF/WA51_83585_r2017-forthcoming_G-Polonica-Dolzblasz.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 91 No. 1 (2018) PY - 2018 IS - 1 EP - 76 KW - transborder network KW - cross-border cooperation KW - EU external border KW - Poalnd-Belarus-Ukraine borderland A1 - Dołzbłasz, Sylwia. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 91 CY - Warszawa SP - 63 T1 - A network approach to transborder cooperation studies as exemplified by Poland’s eastern border UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/64177 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - This essay focuses attention on aspects of border politics that give evidence of nation-building and national consolidation processes in Central Europe. In a normative, policy-oriented sense this is a question of borders as framing conditions for regional development. In a more critical and analytical sense this involves interrogating the actual use of borders in politically and ideologically framing national interests within a wider European context. The essay begins with a brief discussion of Europeanisation processes understood in terms of the promotion of cross-border cooperation (CBC) in Central Europe. Here, the significance of national structural conditions for implementation of Cohesion and regional policies and hence CBC will be discussed. One result that emerges is that while EU-European principles of cross-border cooperation have been partly mainstreamed into regional development policies they have at the same time been superimposed by the domestication of EU policies in the interest of nation-building. More specific evidence is then provided by Hungarian experience where national scale and nation-building have played key roles in conditioning the quality of cross-border cooperation and in the framing of state borders as resources. Attention will focus on: (1) Hungarian exploitation of CBC in the service of ethnopolitical development objectives and (2) Hungary’s recent policy of border securitisation which essentially entails a re-nationalisation of its border regime and a framing of the physical border as a protective barrier against threats to national and European identity. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/64175/PDF/WA51_83578_r2017-forthcoming_G-Polonica-Scott.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Geographia Polonica Vol. 91 No. 1 (2018) PY - 2018 IS - 1 EP - 32 KW - Central Europe KW - Hungary KW - borders KW - border politics KW - national scale KW - cross-border cooperation A1 - Scott, James Wesley. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 91 CY - Warszawa SP - 17 T1 - Border politics in Central Europe: Hungary and the role of national scale and nation-building UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/64175 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The social and political transitions taking place in Central and Eastern Europe post-1989 allowed Poland to develop cross-border cooperation with neighbouring counties. At local-government level in particular, the Czech Republic then became a key partner. Today, the Polish-Czech borderland resembles those between Poland and Germany, and between Poland and Slovakia, in constituting a model example of innovative cross-border cooperation. While the area first played hosted to Euroregions, it later also fell within European Groupings of Territorial Cooperation. And while collaboration between one local authority and another over the border has evolved particularly dynamically, as-yet untapped potential would seem to remain. Overall, this article seeks to analyse the actors currently operating across the Polish-Czech border, from a political-science perspective. These are Euroregions (of Nysa, Glacensis, Pradziad, Silesia, Cieszyn Silesia and the Beskids), as well as European Groupings of Territorial Cooperation (of Tritia and Novum), and selected units at local government level. The analysis of the transboundary entities, and those engaging in cross-border activity was of a genetic, structural and functional nature, and this facilitated the identification of similarities and differences between the actors concerned, making clear what their specifics are, and what the prospects for cooperation. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/111572/PDF/WA51_138868_r2019-t91-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Lewkowic.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 91 z. 4 (2019) PY - 2019 IS - 4 EP - 530 KW - Polish-Czech cross-border cooperation KW - Polish-Czech borderland KW - euroregion KW - European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation A1 - Lewkowicz, Łukasz. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 91 CY - Warszawa SP - 511 T1 - Uwarunkowania i formy instytucjonalnej polsko-czeskiej współpracy transgranicznej = Conditioning and forms of institutional cooperation across the Polish-Czech border UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/111572 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 24 cm N2 - The article reports on work reviewing research into cross-border tourism space as this relates to sea areas. In essence, the review made it clear that the matter in question only appears in the literature rather rarely, even as its underpinning concepts involving tourism space, borders, cross-border cooperation and international integration have been the subject of many studies. The Baltic Sea is no longer an area of separation, having become – more than ever – a meeting point of numerous political, economic and ecological interests. Within its basin (including adjacent areas of land and waters), cross-border tourism space is developing mainly as connections are formed between already-existing tourism space within given states – primarily coastal cities or regions. Connections via the sea confer physical shape upon maritime tourism space, by way of a banded pattern. In turn, cooperation between entities located on two (or more) sides of the maritime border plays a significant role in delimiting the boundaries of cross-border tourism space associated with sea areas, while also serving in the integration process relating to that space, which is actually more extensive than just the interconnected cross-border sea and the coastal spaces, given that cooperating entities may be located even beyond. The author argues that space in which the authorities, institutions and residents of two or more neighbouring countries make contact with each other by way of tourism as conceived broadly can be designated cross-border tourism space. If it is countries separated by a maritime border that are connected, then it is possible to speak of a cross-border tourism space linked to marine areas. The physical flow of tourists by ship that characterises the space in question (as tourist flows occur) provides further strengthening of the idea that such space is capable of being designated. This research forms part of work on aspects of border management and the development of cross-border management (by which a common, cross-border space, in this case for tourism, is developed). The author also posits the existence of cognitive tourism in relation to coastal areas: in cities (urban systems in coastal districts, ports, historic parts of cities, spas), and along the natural shoreline (visits made to coast, shore, dunes and cliffs). The work is then brought to a close with suggestions for further research on the topic, as based on an integrated approach embracing attractiveness, infrastructure and tourism flows, accessibility, the analysis of strategic and planning documents related to the development of tourism, tourism management, territorial marketing, regional identity, the creation of regional tourist products, cross-border cooperation relating to the development of tourism and the relevant impact of cooperation of this kind. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/111573/PDF/WA51_138894_r2019-t91-z4_Przeg-Geogr-Ceric.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Przegląd Geograficzny T. 91 z. 4 (2019) PY - 2019 IS - 4 EP - 551 KW - maritime tourism space KW - seaside tourism space KW - Baltic Sea Region KW - cross-border cooperation KW - cross-border integration A1 - Cerić, Denis. Autor PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 91 CY - Warszawa SP - 531 T1 - Transgraniczna przestrzeń turystyczna obszarów morskich i nadmorskich na przykładzie Morza Bałtyckiego – próba wyjaśnienia pojęcia = Cross-border tourism space in maritime and seaside areasa s exemplified by the Baltic Sea Region – an attempt at explaining the concept UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/111573 ER - TY - GEN N1 - 29 cm N2 - After EU enlargement and its approaching to the Ukrainian borders, the development of cross-border cooperation with neighbor countries–members of EU has become extremely important. The integration processes shift from national to the regional and local levels. The Ukrainian-Polish cross-border cooperation should be aimed at: the intensification of European integration due to the development of the long-term Ukrainian-Polish relations on the innovative basis; the elimination of the institutional obstacles for the structure changes in Ukrainian economy by means of the implementation of the European standards of economic activities; the providing of the maximum possible mobility of technologies, capitals, labor, goods and services; the coordination of strategic programs for boundary regions development in order to enhance their competitive advantages. The cross-border cooperation is restrained by the barriers, such as: political, economical, infrastructural, legal, organizational, social. The current state of the Ukrainian-Polish cross-border cooperation shows that both in Poland and Ukraine there is a need for assuming the complex political, economical, technical, organizational and ecological measures which have to minimize the negative exposures of existing barriers. The boundary situation of regions should be taken as an advantage for social-economy development that has to facilitate the transit potential of the border territories. L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/55802/PDF/WA51_75570_r2010-t20_EuropaXXI-Pysarenko.pdf M3 - Text J2 - Europa XXI 20 (2010) PY - 2010 EP - 99 KW - cross-border cooperation KW - free movement of persons, commodities, services and capital KW - political, economic, infrastructural, legal, organizational and technical barriers KW - investment cooperation KW - foreign trade KW - boundary transportation infrastructure KW - cross-border cooperation of higher educational institutions and enterprises A1 - Pysarenko, Svitlana A1 - Naslidnyk, Iryna PB - IGiPZ PAN VL - 20 CY - Warszawa SP - 89 T1 - The International Conditions of Ukrainian-Polish Cross-Border Cooperation UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/55802 ER - TY - GEN A2 - Komornicki, Tomasz. Ed. A2 - Czapiewski, Konrad. Ed. PB - IGiPZ PAN N1 - 231 pp. N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/2266/PDF/Wa51_13305_r2006-t14_EuropaXXI.pdf M3 - Text CY - Warszawa J2 - Core and peripheral regions in Central and Eastern Europe J2 - Europa 21 PY - 2006 KW - regions KW - spatial structure KW - regional disparities KW - population potential KW - human capital KW - social capital KW - accessibility KW - unemployment KW - cities KW - housing KW - open areas KW - urban revitalisation KW - sustainable development KW - tourism KW - regional development KW - core and periphery KW - cross-border cooperation KW - spatial planning KW - Europa Środkowa KW - Hungary KW - Poland KW - Slovakia KW - Italy KW - Sofia T1 - Europa XXI 14 (2006) UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/2266 ER - TY - GEN PB - IGiPZ PAN N1 - 198 pp. N1 - 24 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/138/PDF/Europa_XXI_2007_16-internet.pdf M3 - Text CY - Warszawa J2 - Regional development in Central Europe - cohesion or competitiveness J2 - Europa 21 PY - 2007 KW - agglomerations KW - cross-border cooperation KW - regional development KW - cohesion KW - knowledge based economy KW - metropolitan regions KW - clusters KW - metropolises KW - towns KW - metropolitan functions KW - suburban zones KW - infrastructure KW - transportation KW - ecological conflicts KW - rural areas KW - border areas KW - ethnic structure KW - EU states KW - Soviet Union (former) KW - Poznań KW - Rospuda (river) T1 - Europa XXI 16 (2007) UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/138 ER - TY - GEN PB - IGiPZ PAN N1 - 29 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/2137/PDF/WA51_13603_r2010-no21_Europa-XXI.pdf M3 - Text VL - 21 CY - Warszawa J2 - Europa XXI 21 (2010) PY - 2010 EP - 3 KW - spatial accessibility KW - transportation KW - geography of education KW - border regions KW - cross-border cooperation KW - spatial planning KW - ecological corridors KW - protected areas KW - river valleys KW - nature conservation KW - post-military areas KW - pipelines KW - regional development KW - cohesion policy KW - Poland KW - Czechia KW - Hungary KW - Austria KW - Romania KW - Lublin region T1 - Europa XXI 21 (2010), Contents SP - 3 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/2137 ER - TY - GEN PB - IGiPZ PAN N1 - 29 cm L1 - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/2134/PDF/WA51_13602_r2010-nr20_EuropaXXI.pdf M3 - Text VL - 20 CY - Warszawa J2 - Europa XXI 20 (2010) PY - 2010 EP - 3 KW - spatial barriers KW - state borders KW - flows of persons KW - cross-border traffic KW - commodity flows KW - foreign trade KW - cross-border cooperation KW - tourism KW - landscape conservation KW - nature conservation KW - accessibility KW - border regions KW - European Union KW - Europe KW - Vistula Lagoon KW - Poland KW - Slovakia KW - Germany T1 - Europa XXI 20 (2010), Contents SP - 3 UR - http://www.rcin.org.pl/igipz/dlibra/publication/edition/2134 ER -