@misc{Łuczkiewicz_Piotr_W_2000,
 author={Łuczkiewicz, Piotr},
 volume={48},
 copyright={Rights Reserved - Free Access},
 address={Wrocław},
 journal={Przegląd Archeologiczny},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2000},
 publisher={Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk},
 language={pol},
 abstract={In this paper the attempt of observation the territorial variability as well as the chronological and type classification of shields boss with spike in early pre-roman period was taken up. It could be an interesting contribution for discussing the differences between different ethnic and cultural circles. The base of consideration is created from about 209 objects becoming from 102 archaeological sites. A new type classification is proposed here, based on Bohnsack D - repartition as the best grounded in the literature of matter. The occurrence of shields boss with spike on the barbarian territories in Europe in early pre-roman period, is probably connected with the impulses from North, from eastern Sweden. As early chronology (A2) as the closely limited territory of the “archaic” type incline to accept the theory, that it was the prototype of another shield boss with spike types, which were occurred on southern Baltic coasts started from A3 phase. The development of this metal fittings was started not from coneshaped forms 5 and 6 Bohnsack types or (as Wołągiewicz thought) from type 6 omitting type 5. It was initiated into adaptation of new cultural influences from North. But the theory of such an acculturation, its mechanism and range are not very clear in details. We must consider, on the Continent, the simultaneous development of shield boss with spike inside different cultural circles},
 type={Text},
 title={W kwestii genezy i rozprzestrzenienia umb z kolcem z młodszego okresu przedrzymskiego},
 URL={http://www.rcin.org.pl/iae/Content/60010/PDF/WA308_79658_PIII149_W-kwestii-genezy_I.pdf},
 keywords={shield boss with spike, early pre-roman period, origin, expansion},
}